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| Dataset Title: | Watercolumn total Th-234 from samples collected aboard Palmer Station Antarctica LTER annual cruises off the western antarctic peninsula, 2012-2014 
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| Institution: | National Science Foundation (Dataset ID: CruiseThorium234) |
| Information: | Summary
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Attributes {
s {
time {
String _CoordinateAxisType "Time";
Float64 actual_range 1.3257432e+9, 1.39081872e+9;
String axis "T";
String calendar "proleptic_gregorian";
Float64 column_id 5410;
String column_name "col_5410";
String ioos_category "Time";
String long_name "Time";
String lter_column_description "Sample collection date and time, CLST";
String lter_column_name "Collection Date and Time";
String lter_mscale "dateTime";
String standard_name "time";
String time_origin "01-JAN-1970 00:00:00";
String units "seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z";
}
depth {
String _CoordinateAxisType "Height";
String _CoordinateZisPositive "down";
Float64 _FillValue 9.969209968386869e+36;
Float64 actual_range -0.847, 2030.433;
String axis "Z";
Float64 colorBarMaximum 8000.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum -8000.0;
String colorBarPalette "TopographyDepth";
Float64 column_id 5412;
String column_name "col_5412";
String ioos_category "Location";
String long_name "Depth";
String lter_column_description "Sample collection depth";
String lter_column_name "Depth";
String lter_mscale "ratio";
String lter_num_type "real";
String lter_units "m";
String lter_units_string "meter";
String positive "down";
String standard_name "depth";
String units "m";
String units_conventions "AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER";
}
salinity {
Float64 _FillValue 9.969209968386869e+36;
Float64 actual_range 32.254, 34.7174;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 37.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 32.0;
Float64 column_id 5413;
String column_name "col_5413";
String ioos_category "Salinity";
String long_name "Sea Water Practical Salinity";
String lter_column_description "Salinity measurement";
String lter_column_name "Salinity";
String lter_mscale "ratio";
String lter_num_type "real";
String lter_units "PSU";
String lter_units_string "practicalSalinityUnit";
String standard_name "sea_water_practical_salinity";
String units "1";
String units_conventions "MCM-LTER,PAL-LTER";
}
th234_activity {
Float64 _FillValue 9.969209968386869e+36;
Float64 actual_range 0.0, 3.450206546;
Float64 column_id 5414;
String column_name "col_5414";
String ioos_category "Unknown";
String long_name "Th234 Activity";
String lter_column_description "Water column Th-234 activity (decays per minute) determined by beta counting, following Pike et al. (2006)";
String lter_column_name "Th-234 Activity";
String lter_mscale "ratio";
String lter_num_type "real";
String lter_units "decay/min/L";
String lter_units_string "decaysPerMinutePerLiter";
String units_conventions "NTL-LTER";
}
th234_activity_error {
Float64 _FillValue 9.969209968386869e+36;
Float64 actual_range 0.0, 0.503109277;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
Float64 column_id 5415;
String column_name "col_5415";
String ioos_category "Statistics";
String long_name "Th234 Activity Error";
String lter_column_description "Standard error of Th-234 Activity";
String lter_column_name "Th-234 Activity Error";
String lter_mscale "ratio";
String lter_num_type "real";
String lter_units "decay/min/L";
String lter_units_string "decaysPerMinutePerLiter";
String units_conventions "NTL-LTER";
}
deficiency {
Float64 _FillValue 9.969209968386869e+36;
Float64 actual_range -1.065406546, 2.289497143;
Float64 column_id 5416;
String column_name "col_5416";
String ioos_category "Unknown";
String long_name "Deficiency";
String lter_column_description "U-238 Activity minus Th-234 Activity";
String lter_column_name "Deficiency";
String lter_mscale "ratio";
String lter_num_type "real";
String lter_units "decay/min/L";
String lter_units_string "decaysPerMinutePerLiter";
String units_conventions "NTL-LTER";
}
deficiency_error {
Float64 _FillValue 9.969209968386869e+36;
Float64 actual_range 0.0, 0.505299856;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 50.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
Float64 column_id 5417;
String column_name "col_5417";
String ioos_category "Statistics";
String long_name "Deficiency Error";
String lter_column_description "Standard error of deficiency";
String lter_column_name "Deficiency Error";
String lter_mscale "ratio";
String lter_num_type "real";
String lter_units "decay/min/L";
String lter_units_string "decaysPerMinutePerLiter";
String units_conventions "NTL-LTER";
}
station {
Float64 column_id 5411;
String column_name "col_5411";
String ioos_category "Identifier";
String long_name "Station";
String lter_column_description "Palmer LTER sampling grid station";
String lter_column_name "Station";
String lter_mscale "nominal";
}
cast_number {
Int16 _FillValue 32767;
Int16 actual_range 1, 69;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 100.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
Float64 column_id 5418;
String column_name "col_5418";
String ioos_category "Statistics";
String long_name "Cast Number";
String lter_column_description "CTD cast number";
String lter_column_name "Cast";
String lter_mscale "nominal";
}
bottle_number {
Int16 _FillValue 32767;
Int16 actual_range 1, 91;
Float64 colorBarMaximum 100.0;
Float64 colorBarMinimum 0.0;
Float64 column_id 5419;
String column_name "col_5419";
String ioos_category "Statistics";
String long_name "Bottle Number";
String lter_column_description "Niskin bottle number";
String lter_column_name "Niskin";
String lter_mscale "nominal";
}
}
NC_GLOBAL {
String acknowledgement "Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation";
String cdm_data_type "Other";
String comment "The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes. A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \\n\\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels. In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training, education and outreach are an integral part of the program.";
String contributor_email "mstukel@fsu.edu";
String contributor_name "Mike Stukel";
String contributor_role "PrincipalInvestigator";
String contributor_role_vocabulary "https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/";
String Conventions "CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS";
String creator_country "USA";
String creator_email "kerfoot@marine.rutgers.edu";
String creator_institution "Rutgers University";
String creator_name "John Kerfoot";
String creator_sector "academic";
String creator_type "person";
String creator_url "https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu";
String datazoo_dataset_id "275";
String datazoo_datatable_id "278";
String datazoo_datatable_label "Watercolumn Th-234 (Cruise)";
String datazoo_datatable_name "Thorium 234";
String date_created "2022-03-29T13:20:30Z";
String date_issued "2022-03-29T13:20:30Z";
String doi "https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/177f165bfb3f1fa08b95ae26133806d2";
String geospatial_bounds_crs "EPSG:4326";
String geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs "EPSG:5831";
String geospatial_lat_resolution "0.00001 degree";
String geospatial_lat_units "degree_north";
String geospatial_lon_resolution "0.00001 degree";
String geospatial_lon_units "degree_east";
Float64 geospatial_vertical_max 2030.433;
Float64 geospatial_vertical_min -0.847;
String geospatial_vertical_positive "down";
String geospatial_vertical_units "m";
String history
"/Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_278/dat_278.tsv
2025-05-04T13:56:31Z (local files)
2025-05-04T13:56:31Z http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseThorium234.html";
String infoUrl "https://pal.lternet.edu/";
String institution "National Science Foundation";
String keywords "carbon, carbon cycling, carbon flux, decay rates, particulates";
String keywords_vocabulary "LTER Controlled Vocabulary";
String license "All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the \"Data User\") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.";
String license_link "https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/";
String methods "General Methods: Total watercolumn Th-234 was measured using standard small volume methods (Pike et al. 2005). Briefly, 4-L was collected by Niskin bottle (typically from 8 depths spanning the upper 200 m) on Palmer LTER January Survey Cruises aboard the L. M. Gould. Samples were acidified with nitric acid to pH <2, then spiked with a tracer of Th-230. Samples were allowed to equilibrate for 4-9 hours, then NH4OH was added to bring samples to a pH of 8-9. MnCl2 and KMnO4 were added to bottles and thorium was precipitated onto manganese oxide. Samples were then filtered at high pressure through a quartz (QMA) filter. Filters were dried and mounted in RISO sample holders prior to being counted on a RISO GM beta multi-counter. Samples were counted again after >6 half-lives to determine background radioactivity levels. Manganese oxide was then dissolved from the filters in a nitric acid / hydrogen peroxide solution, and immediately spiked with Th-229. Column chromatography was then performed (using AG-1X8 resin) to purify thorium. Solution was then evaporated so samples could be taken up in dilute nitric acid for ICP-MS analysis of the Th-229:Th-230 ratio at the WHOI Analytical Facility or National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. U-238 was determined from salinity using the equations of Owens et al. (2011). See Stukel et al. (2015) for more details.";
String naming_authority "edu.rutgers.rucool";
String product_version "1.0";
String program "LTER";
String project "Palmer LTER";
String publisher_country "USA";
String publisher_email "kerfoot@marine.rutgers.edu";
String publisher_institution "Rutgers University";
String publisher_name "John Kerfoot";
String publisher_type "person";
String publisher_url "https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu";
String references "https://pal.lternet.edu/,Pike, S. M., K. O. Buesseler, J. Andrews, and N. Savoye. 2005. Quantification of 234Th recovery in small volume sea water samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 263: 355-360.\\n,Stukel, M. R. and others 2015. The imbalance of new and export production in the Western Antarctic Peninsula, a potentially \"leaky\" ecosystem. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle 29: 1400-1420.\\n";
String sea_name "Southern Ocean";
String source "/Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_278/dat_278.tsv";
String sourceUrl "(local files)";
String standard_name_vocabulary "CF Standard Name Table v77";
String summary "Total watercolumn Th-234 was determined at stations in the Palmer Station Antarctica LTER sampling grid from Jan 2012 - Jan 2014 (see Stukel et al. 2015, GBC for methods details). Th-234 can be used as a tracer for particle cycling in the upper water column. To compute carbon export from this Th-234 data please see the C:Th-234 ratio discussion in the supplement to Ducklow et al., (in review, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A).";
String time_coverage_end "2014-01-27T10:32:00Z";
String time_coverage_start "2012-01-05T06:00:00Z";
String title "Watercolumn total Th-234 from samples collected aboard Palmer Station Antarctica LTER annual cruises off the western antarctic peninsula, 2012-2014";
}
}
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