ERDDAP > info > StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesAdeliePenguins

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
	set	data	graph		files	Structural size measurements and isotopic signatures of foraging among adult male and female Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) nesting along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009		M	background			National Science ...	StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesAdeliePenguins

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	_NCProperties	String	version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.6
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acknowledgement	String	Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes. A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \n\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels. In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training, education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_email	String	kgorman at sfu.ca
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_name	String	Kristen Gorman
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_role	String	PrincipalInvestigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_role_vocabulary	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_country	String	USA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_institution	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	John Kerfoot
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_sector	String	academic
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	person
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_dataset_id	String	219
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_id	String	219
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_label	String	Structural size measurements and isotopic signatures - Adelie Penguins
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_name	String	StructuralsizemeasurementsandisotopicsignaturesAdeliePenguins
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2021-09-09T20:25:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_issued	String	2021-09-09T20:25:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	null
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/98b16d7d563f265cb52372c8ca99e60f
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_bounds_crs	String	EPSG:4326
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs	String	EPSG:5831
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_resolution	String	0.00001 degree
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degree_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_resolution	String	0.00001 degree
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degree_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_positive	String	down
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_units	String	EPSG:5831
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	history	String	data_pallter_oi_datazoo_datatables.dat_219
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://pal.lternet.edu/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	National Science Foundation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	biology, birds, isotopes
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords_vocabulary	String	LTER Controlled Vocabulary
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the "Data User") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license_link	String	https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	methods	String	General Methods: Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle. Collected blood was stored in 1.5 ml micro-centrifuge tubes that were kept cool. In the field, a small amount of whole blood was smeared on clean filter paper stored in a 1.5 ml micro-centrifuge tube for molecular sexing. Measurements of culmen length and depth (using dial calipers ± 0.1 mm), right flipper (using a ruler ± 1 mm), and body mass (using 5 kg ± 25 g or 10 kg ± 50 g Pesola spring scales and a weigh bag) were obtained to quantify body size variation. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs.\n\nMolecular analyses were conducted at Simon Fraser University following standard PCR protocols, and stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	naming_authority	String	edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	product_version	String	1.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	program	String	LTER
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Palmer LTER
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_country	String	USA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_email	String	kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_institution	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	John Kerfoot
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	person
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_url	String	https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	references	String	https://pal.lternet.edu/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sea_name	String	Southern Ocean
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	source	String	/Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_219/dat_219_PAL0809.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	subsetVariables	String	study_name,region,island_name
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Sexual segregation in vertebrate foraging niche is often associated with sexual size dimorphism (SSD), i.e., ecological sexual dimorphism. We examined ecological sexual dimorphism among sympatric nesting Pygoscelis penguins near Palmer Station, Antarctica, asking whether environmental variability in the form of winter sea ice is associated with differences in male and female pre-breeding foraging niche. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. Molecular analyses were conducted at Simon Fraser University following standard PCR protocols, and stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_end	String	2009-11-23T00:00:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_start	String	2007-11-09T00:00:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	Structural size measurements and isotopic signatures of foraging among adult male and female Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) nesting along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009
variable	study_name		String
attribute	study_name	column_name	String	studyName
attribute	study_name	comment	String	Cruise name
attribute	study_name	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	study_name	long_name	String	Study
variable	sample_number		byte
attribute	sample_number	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	sample_number	actual_range	byte	-128, 126
attribute	sample_number	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	sample_number	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	sample_number	column_id	long	4403
attribute	sample_number	column_name	String	col_4403
attribute	sample_number	ioos_category	String	Statistics
attribute	sample_number	long_name	String	Sample Number
attribute	sample_number	lter_column_description	String	continuous numberng sequence for each sample
attribute	sample_number	lter_column_name	String	Sample Number
attribute	sample_number	lter_mscale	String	interval
attribute	sample_number	lter_num_type	String	integer
attribute	sample_number	lter_units_string	String	number
attribute	sample_number	missing_value	byte	127
attribute	sample_number	units_conventions	String	EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable	species		String
attribute	species	column_id	long	4404
attribute	species	column_name	String	col_4404
attribute	species	ioos_category	String	Taxonomy
attribute	species	long_name	String	Species
attribute	species	lter_column_description	String	a string representing the species of an organism
attribute	species	lter_column_name	String	Species
attribute	species	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	region		String
attribute	region	column_id	long	4405
attribute	region	column_name	String	col_4405
attribute	region	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	region	long_name	String	Region
attribute	region	lter_column_description	String	Nominal region of Palmer LTER sampling grid
attribute	region	lter_column_name	String	Region
attribute	region	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	island_name		String
attribute	island_name	column_id	long	4406
attribute	island_name	column_name	String	col_4406
attribute	island_name	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	island_name	long_name	String	Island Name
attribute	island_name	lter_column_description	String	Island near Palmer Station where samples were collected
attribute	island_name	lter_column_name	String	Island
attribute	island_name	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	reproductive_stage		String
attribute	reproductive_stage	column_id	long	4407
attribute	reproductive_stage	column_name	String	col_4407
attribute	reproductive_stage	ioos_category	String	Biology
attribute	reproductive_stage	long_name	String	Reproductive Stage
attribute	reproductive_stage	lter_column_description	String	Reproductive stage at sampling
attribute	reproductive_stage	lter_column_name	String	Stage
attribute	reproductive_stage	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	individual_id		String
attribute	individual_id	column_id	long	4408
attribute	individual_id	column_name	String	col_4408
attribute	individual_id	ioos_category	String	Identifier
attribute	individual_id	long_name	String	Individual Id
attribute	individual_id	lter_column_description	String	A unique ID for each individual in dataset
attribute	individual_id	lter_column_name	String	Individual ID
attribute	individual_id	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	full_clutch		String
attribute	full_clutch	column_id	long	4409
attribute	full_clutch	column_name	String	col_4409
attribute	full_clutch	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	full_clutch	long_name	String	Full Clutch
attribute	full_clutch	lter_column_description	String	Was the study nest observed with a full clutch, i.e., 2 eggs
attribute	full_clutch	lter_column_name	String	Clutch Completion
attribute	full_clutch	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	time		double
attribute	time	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Time
attribute	time	actual_range	double	1.1945664E9, 1.2589344E9
attribute	time	axis	String	T
attribute	time	calendar	String	proleptic_gregorian
attribute	time	column_id	long	4410
attribute	time	column_name	String	col_4410
attribute	time	ioos_category	String	Time
attribute	time	long_name	String	Time
attribute	time	lter_column_description	String	Date study nest observed with 1 egg (sampled)
attribute	time	lter_column_name	String	Date Egg
attribute	time	lter_mscale	String	dateTime
attribute	time	standard_name	String	time
attribute	time	time_origin	String	01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute	time	units	String	seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable	culmen_length		double
attribute	culmen_length	_FillValue	double	9.969209968386869E36
attribute	culmen_length	actual_range	double	32.1, 46.0
attribute	culmen_length	column_id	long	4411
attribute	culmen_length	column_name	String	col_4411
attribute	culmen_length	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	culmen_length	long_name	String	Culmen Length
attribute	culmen_length	lter_column_description	String	length of the dorsal ridge of a bird's bill
attribute	culmen_length	lter_column_name	String	Culmen Length
attribute	culmen_length	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	culmen_length	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	culmen_length	lter_units	String	mm
attribute	culmen_length	lter_units_string	String	millimeter
attribute	culmen_length	units	String	mm
attribute	culmen_length	units_conventions	String	AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,MCR-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable	culmen_depth		double
attribute	culmen_depth	_FillValue	double	9.969209968386869E36
attribute	culmen_depth	actual_range	double	15.5, 21.5
attribute	culmen_depth	column_id	long	4418
attribute	culmen_depth	column_name	String	col_4418
attribute	culmen_depth	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	culmen_depth	long_name	String	Culmen Depth
attribute	culmen_depth	lter_column_description	String	depth of the dorsal ridge of a bird's bill
attribute	culmen_depth	lter_column_name	String	Culmen Depth
attribute	culmen_depth	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	culmen_depth	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	culmen_depth	lter_units	String	mm
attribute	culmen_depth	lter_units_string	String	millimeter
attribute	culmen_depth	units	String	mm
attribute	culmen_depth	units_conventions	String	AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,MCR-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable	flipper_length		short
attribute	flipper_length	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	flipper_length	actual_range	short	172, 210
attribute	flipper_length	column_id	long	4412
attribute	flipper_length	column_name	String	col_4412
attribute	flipper_length	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	flipper_length	long_name	String	Flipper Length
attribute	flipper_length	lter_column_description	String	Length of flipper
attribute	flipper_length	lter_column_name	String	Flipper Length
attribute	flipper_length	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	flipper_length	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	flipper_length	lter_units	String	mm
attribute	flipper_length	lter_units_string	String	millimeter
attribute	flipper_length	units	String	mm
attribute	flipper_length	units_conventions	String	AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,MCR-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable	body_mass		short
attribute	body_mass	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	body_mass	actual_range	short	2850, 4775
attribute	body_mass	column_id	long	4413
attribute	body_mass	column_name	String	col_4413
attribute	body_mass	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	body_mass	long_name	String	Body Mass
attribute	body_mass	lter_column_description	String	Mass of body
attribute	body_mass	lter_column_name	String	Body Mass
attribute	body_mass	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	body_mass	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	body_mass	lter_units	String	g
attribute	body_mass	lter_units_string	String	gram
attribute	body_mass	units	String	grams
attribute	body_mass	units_conventions	String	AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable	sex		String
attribute	sex	column_id	long	4414
attribute	sex	column_name	String	col_4414
attribute	sex	ioos_category	String	Biology
attribute	sex	long_name	String	Sex
attribute	sex	lter_column_description	String	code for the sex of an animal
attribute	sex	lter_column_name	String	Sex
attribute	sex	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	ratio_of_15n_to_14n		double
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	_FillValue	double	9.969209968386869E36
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	actual_range	double	7.69778, 9.79532
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	column_id	long	4415
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	column_name	String	col_4415
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	long_name	String	Ratio Of 15n To 14n
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	lter_column_description	String	a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 15N:14N
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	lter_column_name	String	Delta 15 N
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	lter_units	String	o/oo
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	lter_units_string	String	permil
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	units	String	percent
attribute	ratio_of_15n_to_14n	units_conventions	String	SBC-LTER
variable	ratio_of_13c_to_12c		double
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	_FillValue	double	9.969209968386869E36
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	actual_range	double	-26.78958, -23.90309
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	column_id	long	4416
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	column_name	String	col_4416
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	long_name	String	Ratio Of 13c To 12c
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	lter_column_description	String	a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 13C:12C
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	lter_column_name	String	Delta 13 C
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	lter_units	String	o/oo
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	lter_units_string	String	permil
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	units	String	percent
attribute	ratio_of_13c_to_12c	units_conventions	String	SBC-LTER
variable	comments		String
attribute	comments	column_id	long	4417
attribute	comments	column_name	String	col_4417
attribute	comments	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	comments	long_name	String	Comments
attribute	comments	lter_column_description	String	Text field to provide additional relevant information for data
attribute	comments	lter_column_name	String	Comments
attribute	comments	lter_mscale	String	nominal

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.