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   set  data   graph     files  At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their
abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the
Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, 2018.
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BirdCensusStationarySummer

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL _NCProperties String version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.6
attribute NC_GLOBAL acknowledgement String Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Trajectory
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_trajectory_variables String cruise_name
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes. A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \n\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels. In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training, education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_email String bfraser at 3rivers.net
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_name String William Fraser
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role String PrincipalInvestigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role_vocabulary String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_sector String academic
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_dataset_id String 95
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_id String 95
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_label String Bird Census Stationary - Summer
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_name String BirdCensusStationarySummer
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2022-03-23T02:25:24Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_issued String 2022-03-23T02:25:24Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String null
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultGraphQuery String longitude,latitude,time&longitude%3E=-86.7&longitude%3C=-53.1&latitude%3E=-83.8&latitude%3C=-50.2&.draw=markers&.marker=7%7C5&.color=0x000000&.colorBar=%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/daa3753c4d20470b0ff1a0caa9dc19e2 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double -62.12488333333334
attribute NC_GLOBAL featureType String Trajectory
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_crs String EPSG:4326
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs String EPSG:5831
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double -63.59215000000001
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double -70.09166666666667
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double -62.12488333333334
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -78.20545
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_max double 10000.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_min double 0.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_positive String down
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_units String m
attribute NC_GLOBAL history String local files
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String birds, habitats, mammals, marine, Population Studies, populations, taxonomy
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String LTER Core Areas,LTER Controlled Vocabulary
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/) (external link). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the "Data User") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute NC_GLOBAL license_link String https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL methods String Frequency: Stationary censuses, twice at each station
attribute NC_GLOBAL naming_authority String edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double -63.59215000000001
attribute NC_GLOBAL product_version String 1.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL program String LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Palmer LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL references String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL sea_name String Southern Ocean
attribute NC_GLOBAL source String /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_95/dat_95_PD97-01.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double -70.09166666666667
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute NC_GLOBAL subsetVariables String study_name,cruise_name
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993 - 2018. The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar. These objectives included 1) determining the pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations being studied as part of land-based work at Palmer Station. Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER study area. The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat, which required sampling at smaller scales. All seabird censuses were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals. The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects spaced at 45-60 minute intervals. There were no stops at the 10km stations during this Fast Grid phase. Upon completion of the Fast Grid, a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours. From January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated. During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km. All seabird censuses during the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in the previous paragraph.\n\nSeventy-two 30-minute transects and 15 station censuses were completed during the January cruise. Athough seabirds were widely distributed throughout the study area, the highest densities and greatest biomass occurred consistently within 2-5 km of Anvers Island and several major island groups to the south and \nwest near the Antarctic Peninsula. Adelie Penguins were the dominant component of this seabird assemblage in terms of both abundance and biomass. South Polar Skuas ranked second and Black-browed Albatross third, with the latter becoming the dominant assemblage member at distances greater than 10km from land. Although \nSouth Polar Skuas had been expected to occur in more pelagic habitats, few were censused at distances greater than 10km from land. The presence of both skuas and penguins so close to land was unexpected. The most important variable accounting for variation in the distribution and abundance of seabirds appeared to \nbe the location of the 200m contour, which throughout the study area occurred 2-5km from the adjoining land masses. Approximately 65% of the seabirds censused during this cruise (85% of the biomass) occurred in association with this contour.
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_end String 2018-01-30T11:28:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_start String 1993-01-11T19:25:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, 2018.
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -78.20545
variable study_name   String  
attribute study_name column_name String studyName
attribute study_name comment String Cruise name
attribute study_name ioos_category String Identifier
attribute study_name long_name String Study
variable time   double  
attribute time _CoordinateAxisType String Time
attribute time actual_range double 7.267803E8, 1.51731168E9
attribute time axis String T
attribute time calendar String proleptic_gregorian
attribute time column_id long -1
attribute time column_name String time
attribute time comemnt String date and time
attribute time ioos_category String Time
attribute time long_name String Date/Time
attribute time lter_column_description String Day of the month and time recorded as DDHHMM
attribute time standard_name String time
attribute time time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute time units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable event   short  
attribute event _FillValue short -32767
attribute event actual_range short 3, 1353
attribute event colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute event colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute event column_id long 1396
attribute event column_name String col_1396
attribute event ioos_category String Statistics
attribute event lter_column_description String Sequential index of research-related cruise activities
attribute event lter_column_name String Event Number
attribute event lter_mscale String interval
attribute event lter_num_type String real
attribute event lter_units_string String number
attribute event units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable cruise_name   short  
attribute cruise_name actual_range short 1, 9901
attribute cruise_name cf_role String trajectory_id
attribute cruise_name column_id long 1397
attribute cruise_name column_name String col_1397
attribute cruise_name ioos_category String Unknown
attribute cruise_name lter_column_description String Nominal cruise designation
attribute cruise_name lter_column_name String Cruise Name
attribute cruise_name lter_mscale String nominal
variable grid_station   String  
attribute grid_station ioos_category String Unknown
variable latitude   double  
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute latitude actual_range double -70.09166666666667, -63.59215000000001
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude column_id long 1403
attribute latitude column_name String col_1403
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude lter_column_description String Latitude of sampling / collection recorded as DDMM.MMM
attribute latitude lter_column_name String Latitude
attribute latitude lter_mscale String ratio
attribute latitude lter_num_type String real
attribute latitude lter_units String º
attribute latitude lter_units_string String degree
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
attribute latitude units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable longitude   double  
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute longitude actual_range double -78.20545, -62.12488333333334
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude column_id long 1404
attribute longitude column_name String col_1404
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude lter_column_description String Longitude of sampling / observation recorded as DDMM.MMM
attribute longitude lter_column_name String Longitude
attribute longitude lter_mscale String ratio
attribute longitude lter_num_type String real
attribute longitude lter_units String º
attribute longitude lter_units_string String degree
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
attribute longitude units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable depth   double  
attribute depth _CoordinateAxisType String Height
attribute depth _CoordinateZisPositive String down
attribute depth _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute depth actual_range double 0.0, 10000.0
attribute depth axis String Z
attribute depth colorBarMaximum double 8000.0
attribute depth colorBarMinimum double -8000.0
attribute depth colorBarPalette String TopographyDepth
attribute depth column_id long 1402
attribute depth column_name String col_1402
attribute depth ioos_category String Location
attribute depth long_name String Depth
attribute depth lter_column_description String measurement or sample collection distance from water column surface
attribute depth lter_column_name String Depth
attribute depth lter_mscale String ratio
attribute depth lter_num_type String real
attribute depth lter_units String m
attribute depth lter_units_string String meter
attribute depth positive String down
attribute depth standard_name String depth
attribute depth units String m
attribute depth units_conventions String AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable salinity   double  
attribute salinity _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute salinity actual_range double 0.0, 99.502
attribute salinity colorBarMaximum double 37.0
attribute salinity colorBarMinimum double 32.0
attribute salinity column_id long 1406
attribute salinity column_name String col_1406
attribute salinity ioos_category String Salinity
attribute salinity lter_column_description String salinity, PSS-78
attribute salinity lter_column_name String Salinity
attribute salinity lter_mscale String ratio
attribute salinity lter_num_type String real
attribute salinity lter_units String PSU
attribute salinity lter_units_string String practicalSalinityUnit
attribute salinity standard_name String sea_water_practical_salinity
attribute salinity units String 1
attribute salinity units_conventions String MCM-LTER,PAL-LTER
variable chlorophyll_a   double  
attribute chlorophyll_a _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute chlorophyll_a actual_range double 0.0, 45.68
attribute chlorophyll_a colorBarMaximum double 30.0
attribute chlorophyll_a colorBarMinimum double 0.03
attribute chlorophyll_a colorBarScale String Log
attribute chlorophyll_a column_id long 1407
attribute chlorophyll_a column_name String col_1407
attribute chlorophyll_a ioos_category String Ocean Color
attribute chlorophyll_a lter_column_description String fluorescence
attribute chlorophyll_a lter_column_name String Fluorometry
attribute chlorophyll_a lter_mscale String ratio
attribute chlorophyll_a lter_num_type String real
attribute chlorophyll_a lter_units String mg/m³
attribute chlorophyll_a lter_units_string String milligramPerMeterCubed
attribute chlorophyll_a standard_name String mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_a_in_sea_water
attribute chlorophyll_a units String mg m-3
attribute chlorophyll_a units_conventions String EML-LTER
variable sea_state   byte  
attribute sea_state _FillValue byte -127
attribute sea_state actual_range byte 0, 9
attribute sea_state column_id long 1405
attribute sea_state column_name String col_1405
attribute sea_state ioos_category String Wind
attribute sea_state lter_column_description String Beaufort scale sea state
attribute sea_state lter_column_name String Sea State
attribute sea_state lter_mscale String nominal
variable wind_speed   double  
attribute wind_speed _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute wind_speed actual_range double 0.0, 142.0
attribute wind_speed colorBarMaximum double 15.0
attribute wind_speed colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute wind_speed column_id long 1408
attribute wind_speed column_name String col_1408
attribute wind_speed ioos_category String Wind
attribute wind_speed lter_column_description String Wind speed
attribute wind_speed lter_column_name String Wind Speed
attribute wind_speed lter_mscale String ratio
attribute wind_speed lter_num_type String real
attribute wind_speed lter_units_string String knot
attribute wind_speed standard_name String wind_speed
attribute wind_speed units String m s-1
attribute wind_speed units_conventions String EML-LTER
variable wind_direction   short  
attribute wind_direction _FillValue short -32767
attribute wind_direction actual_range short 0, 360
attribute wind_direction colorBarMaximum double 360.0
attribute wind_direction colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute wind_direction column_id long 1409
attribute wind_direction column_name String col_1409
attribute wind_direction ioos_category String Wind
attribute wind_direction lter_column_description String WMO defined wind direction
attribute wind_direction lter_column_name String Wind Direction
attribute wind_direction lter_mscale String nominal
attribute wind_direction standard_name String wind_to_direction
variable ice_cover   double  
attribute ice_cover _FillValue double -127.0
attribute ice_cover actual_range double 0.0, 8.0
attribute ice_cover column_id long 1411
attribute ice_cover column_name String col_1411
attribute ice_cover ioos_category String Ice Distribution
attribute ice_cover lter_column_description String PAL LTER ice cover
attribute ice_cover lter_column_name String Ice Cover
attribute ice_cover lter_mscale String nominal
attribute ice_cover missing_value double NaN
variable ice_type   long  
attribute ice_type _FillValue long 9223372036854775807
attribute ice_type actual_range long 0, 4
attribute ice_type column_id long 1412
attribute ice_type column_name String col_1412
attribute ice_type ioos_category String Ice Distribution
attribute ice_type lter_column_description String PAL LTER ice type
attribute ice_type lter_column_name String Ice Type
attribute ice_type lter_mscale String nominal
variable ice_color   long  
attribute ice_color _FillValue long 9223372036854775807
attribute ice_color actual_range long 0, 3
attribute ice_color column_id long 1413
attribute ice_color column_name String col_1413
attribute ice_color ioos_category String Ice Distribution
attribute ice_color lter_column_description String PAL LTER ice color
attribute ice_color lter_column_name String Ice Color
attribute ice_color lter_mscale String nominal
variable habitat   long  
attribute habitat _FillValue long 9223372036854775807
attribute habitat actual_range long 0, 4
attribute habitat column_id long 1410
attribute habitat column_name String col_1410
attribute habitat ioos_category String Unknown
attribute habitat lter_column_description String PAL LTER habitat
attribute habitat lter_column_name String Habitat
attribute habitat lter_mscale String nominal
variable species_code   String  
attribute species_code column_id long 1415
attribute species_code column_name String col_1415
attribute species_code ioos_category String Taxonomy
attribute species_code lter_column_description String Species of organism code
attribute species_code lter_column_name String Species
attribute species_code lter_mscale String nominal
variable number   byte  
attribute number colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute number colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute number comment String From the set of non-negative integers {0,1,2,...}, the number of items.
attribute number ioos_category String Statistics
variable linkages   byte  
attribute linkages comment String From the set of non-negative integers {0,1,2,...}, the number of items.
attribute linkages ioos_category String Unknown
variable organism_behavior   double  
attribute organism_behavior ioos_category String Unknown
attribute organism_behavior missing_value double 999.0
variable direction   String  
attribute direction column_id long 1419
attribute direction column_name String col_1419
attribute direction ioos_category String Currents
attribute direction lter_column_description String orientation based on compass points
attribute direction lter_column_name String Direction
attribute direction lter_mscale String nominal
variable notes   String  
attribute notes column_id long 1420
attribute notes column_name String col_1420
attribute notes ioos_category String Unknown
attribute notes lter_column_description String text field to describe a log entry (ex. event log)
attribute notes lter_column_name String Notes
attribute notes lter_mscale String nominal
variable yymm   double  
attribute yymm actual_range double 1.0, 9902.0
attribute yymm column_id long 1398
attribute yymm column_name String col_1398
attribute yymm ioos_category String Time
attribute yymm long_name String YYMM
attribute yymm lter_column_description String Year / Month 4 digit representation as YYMM (UTC)
attribute yymm lter_column_name String Year / Month
attribute yymm lter_mscale String dateTime
attribute yymm time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute yymm units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable ddhhmm   double  
attribute ddhhmm actual_range double 2813.59, 2.6233321E7
attribute ddhhmm column_id long 4668
attribute ddhhmm column_name String col_4668
attribute ddhhmm ioos_category String Time
attribute ddhhmm long_name String DDHHMM
attribute ddhhmm lter_column_description String Day of the month and time recorded as DDHHMM
attribute ddhhmm lter_column_name String Day / Time
attribute ddhhmm lter_mscale String nominal
attribute ddhhmm standard_name String time
attribute ddhhmm time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute ddhhmm units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable elapsed_minutes   double  
attribute elapsed_minutes colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute elapsed_minutes colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute elapsed_minutes ioos_category String Statistics

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.


 
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