ERDDAP > info > AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
	set	data	graph		files	Adelie penguin diet composition, secondary prey items, 1991, present.\t		M	background			National Science ...	AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	_NCProperties	String	version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.6
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acknowledgement	String	Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes. A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \n\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels. In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training, education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_email	String	bfraser at 3rivers.net
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_name	String	William Fraser
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_role	String	PrincipalInvestigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_role_vocabulary	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_country	String	USA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_institution	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	John Kerfoot
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_sector	String	academic
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	person
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_dataset_id	String	98
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_id	String	98
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_label	String	Adelie Penguin Diet Composition, Other Prey
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_name	String	AdeliePenguinDietPreyotherthanFishandEuphausiasuberba
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2021-09-03T14:08:47Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_issued	String	2021-09-03T14:08:47Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	null
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultGraphQuery	String	time%2Cnum_prey%2Cevidence_size&.draw=markers&.marker=7%7C5&.color=0x000000&.colorBar=%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_bounds_crs	String	EPSG:4326
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs	String	EPSG:5831
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_resolution	String	0.00001 degree
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degree_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_resolution	String	0.00001 degree
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degree_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_positive	String	down
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_units	String	EPSG:5831
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	history	String	data_pallter_oi_datazoo_datatables.dat_98
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://pal.lternet.edu/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	National Science Foundation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	birds, habitats, marine, population dynamics, Population Studies, populations, taxonomy
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords_vocabulary	String	LTER Core Areas,LTER Controlled Vocabulary
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the "Data User") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license_link	String	https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	naming_authority	String	edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	product_version	String	1.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	program	String	LTER
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Palmer LTER
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_country	String	USA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_email	String	kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_institution	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	John Kerfoot
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	person
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_url	String	https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	references	String	https://pal.lternet.edu/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sea_name	String	Southern Ocean
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	source	String	/Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_98/dat_98_PAL1718.tsv
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	subsetVariables	String	study_name
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Adelie penguin diet composition, secondary prey items, 1991 - present.\t. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \n\nBesides krill and fish, a number of secondary prey items (see DIET) can be found in Adélie penguin diets, including octopus, squid, amphipods, mysid shrimp, limpets and small clams. One or more of these prey types may occur frequently in the samples, but very rarely in abundance, hence recorded metrics are limited to detailing the number of specimens observed and obtaining weights if warranted by the sample size. One exception concerns squid and octopus beaks, which like fish otoliths can be identified to species and the size and mass of individuals reconstituted based on regressions that use beak length to determine relational metrics. Like otoliths, beaks are also processed by experts outside PAL (see FISH), hence similar time lags exist in database integration. What role these less abundant prey items have in Adélie penguin diets is unknown, but paleoecological evidence suggests that squid in particular were once consumed much more frequently in the PAL region than they are now.\n
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_end	String	2018-01-29T00:00:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_start	String	1992-01-25T00:00:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	Adelie penguin diet composition, secondary prey items, 1991, present.\t
variable	study_name		String
attribute	study_name	column_name	String	studyName
attribute	study_name	comment	String	Cruise name
attribute	study_name	ioos_category	String	Identifier
attribute	study_name	long_name	String	Study
variable	time		double
attribute	time	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Time
attribute	time	actual_range	double	6.962976E8, 1.517184E9
attribute	time	axis	String	T
attribute	time	calendar	String	proleptic_gregorian
attribute	time	column_id	long	1445
attribute	time	column_name	String	col_1445
attribute	time	ioos_category	String	Time
attribute	time	long_name	String	Time
attribute	time	lter_column_description	String	date and time
attribute	time	lter_column_name	String	Datetime GMT
attribute	time	lter_mscale	String	dateTime
attribute	time	standard_name	String	time
attribute	time	time_origin	String	01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute	time	units	String	seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable	sample_number		int
attribute	sample_number	_FillValue	int	2147483647
attribute	sample_number	actual_range	int	4, 99008
attribute	sample_number	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	sample_number	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	sample_number	column_id	long	1446
attribute	sample_number	column_name	String	col_1446
attribute	sample_number	ioos_category	String	Statistics
attribute	sample_number	long_name	String	Sample Number
attribute	sample_number	lter_column_description	String	record number of a sampling event
attribute	sample_number	lter_column_name	String	Sample Number
attribute	sample_number	lter_mscale	String	interval
attribute	sample_number	lter_num_type	String	natural
attribute	sample_number	lter_units_string	String	number
attribute	sample_number	units_conventions	String	EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable	source		String
attribute	source	column_id	long	1447
attribute	source	column_name	String	col_1447
attribute	source	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	source	long_name	String	Source
attribute	source	lter_column_description	String	code representing the segment of an organism's digestive process from which a prey sample is retrived
attribute	source	lter_column_name	String	Source
attribute	source	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	prey_type		String
attribute	prey_type	column_id	long	1448
attribute	prey_type	column_name	String	col_1448
attribute	prey_type	ioos_category	String	Ecology
attribute	prey_type	long_name	String	Prey Type
attribute	prey_type	lter_column_description	String	code representing the type of prey retrieved from an organism's digestive system
attribute	prey_type	lter_column_name	String	Prey Type
attribute	prey_type	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	species_code		String
attribute	species_code	column_id	long	1449
attribute	species_code	column_name	String	col_1449
attribute	species_code	ioos_category	String	Taxonomy
attribute	species_code	long_name	String	Species Code
attribute	species_code	lter_column_description	String	a string representing the species of an organism
attribute	species_code	lter_column_name	String	Species
attribute	species_code	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	evidence_code		String
attribute	evidence_code	column_id	long	1450
attribute	evidence_code	column_name	String	col_1450
attribute	evidence_code	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	evidence_code	long_name	String	Evidence Code
attribute	evidence_code	lter_column_description	String	a code representing the type of prey evidence retrieved from an organism's digestive system
attribute	evidence_code	lter_column_name	String	Evidence
attribute	evidence_code	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	num_prey		short
attribute	num_prey	_FillValue	short	32767
attribute	num_prey	actual_range	short	0, 28
attribute	num_prey	column_id	long	1451
attribute	num_prey	column_name	String	col_1451
attribute	num_prey	ioos_category	String	Ecology
attribute	num_prey	long_name	String	Num Prey
attribute	num_prey	lter_column_description	String	number of prey or prey evidence retrieved from an organism's digestive system
attribute	num_prey	lter_column_name	String	Prey Number
attribute	num_prey	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	num_prey	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	num_prey	lter_units_string	String	number
attribute	num_prey	units	String	1
attribute	num_prey	units_conventions	String	EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable	evidence_size		double
attribute	evidence_size	_FillValue	double	9.969209968386869E36
attribute	evidence_size	actual_range	double	0.0, 20.0
attribute	evidence_size	column_id	long	1452
attribute	evidence_size	column_name	String	col_1452
attribute	evidence_size	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	evidence_size	long_name	String	Evidence Size
attribute	evidence_size	lter_column_description	String	length of prey retrieved from an organism's digestive system
attribute	evidence_size	lter_column_name	String	Evidence Size
attribute	evidence_size	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	evidence_size	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	evidence_size	lter_units	String	mm
attribute	evidence_size	lter_units_string	String	millimeter
attribute	evidence_size	units	String	mm
attribute	evidence_size	units_conventions	String	AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,MCR-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable	evidence_weight		double
attribute	evidence_weight	_FillValue	double	9.969209968386869E36
attribute	evidence_weight	actual_range	double	0.0, 60.0
attribute	evidence_weight	column_id	long	1453
attribute	evidence_weight	column_name	String	col_1453
attribute	evidence_weight	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	evidence_weight	long_name	String	Evidence Weight
attribute	evidence_weight	lter_column_description	String	weight of prey retrieved from an organism's digestive system
attribute	evidence_weight	lter_column_name	String	Evidence Weight
attribute	evidence_weight	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	evidence_weight	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	evidence_weight	lter_units	String	g
attribute	evidence_weight	lter_units_string	String	gram
attribute	evidence_weight	units	String	grams
attribute	evidence_weight	units_conventions	String	AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable	estimated_prey_length		byte
attribute	estimated_prey_length	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	estimated_prey_length	actual_range	byte	0, 22
attribute	estimated_prey_length	column_id	long	1454
attribute	estimated_prey_length	column_name	String	col_1454
attribute	estimated_prey_length	ioos_category	String	Ecology
attribute	estimated_prey_length	long_name	String	Estimated Prey Length
attribute	estimated_prey_length	lter_column_description	String	length of an organism
attribute	estimated_prey_length	lter_column_name	String	Estimated Prey Length
attribute	estimated_prey_length	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	estimated_prey_length	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	estimated_prey_length	lter_units	String	mm
attribute	estimated_prey_length	lter_units_string	String	millimeter
attribute	estimated_prey_length	units	String	mm
attribute	estimated_prey_length	units_conventions	String	AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,MCR-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable	estimatey_prey_weight		byte
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	_FillValue	byte	127
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	actual_range	byte	0, 1
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	column_id	long	1455
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	column_name	String	col_1455
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	ioos_category	String	Ecology
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	long_name	String	Estimatey Prey Weight
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	lter_column_description	String	weight of an organism
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	lter_column_name	String	Estimated Prey Weight
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	lter_units	String	g
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	lter_units_string	String	gram
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	units	String	grams
attribute	estimatey_prey_weight	units_conventions	String	AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.