ERDDAP > info > AdeliePenguinDietLog

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
	set	data	graph		files	Adelie penguin diet metadata, 1991, present.		M	background			National Science ...	AdeliePenguinDietLog

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	_NCProperties	String	version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.6
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acknowledgement	String	Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes. A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \n\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels. In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training, education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_email	String	bfraser at 3rivers.net
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_name	String	William Fraser
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_role	String	PrincipalInvestigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_role_vocabulary	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_country	String	USA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_institution	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	John Kerfoot
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_sector	String	academic
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	person
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_dataset_id	String	94
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_id	String	94
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_label	String	Adelie Penguin Diet Metadata
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_name	String	AdeliePenguinDietLog
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2021-06-07T20:05:44Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_issued	String	2021-06-07T20:05:44Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	null
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_bounds_crs	String	EPSG:4326
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs	String	EPSG:5831
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_resolution	String	0.00001 degree
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degree_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_resolution	String	0.00001 degree
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degree_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_positive	String	down
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_units	String	EPSG:5831
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	history	String	local files
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://pal.lternet.edu/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	National Science Foundation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	birds, population and community properties, population dynamics, Population Studies, populations, taxonomy
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords_vocabulary	String	LTER Controlled Vocabulary,LTER Core Areas
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the "Data User") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license_link	String	https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	methods	String	General Methods: Samples were obtained in the field by stomach lavage (CCAMLR 1992) and sorted and identified in the lab within 3 hours.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	naming_authority	String	edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	product_version	String	1.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	program	String	LTER
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Palmer LTER
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_country	String	USA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_email	String	kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_institution	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	John Kerfoot
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	person
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_url	String	https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	references	String	https://pal.lternet.edu/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sea_name	String	Southern Ocean
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	source	String	local files
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	subsetVariables	String	study_name,island_name,colony_code
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Adelie penguin diet metadata, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \n\n\nAdélie penguin diet samples are obtained during the chick-rearing phase of the breeding season (January -February) using stomach lavage (water off-loading method). Five adult penguins are typically sampled every 5-7 days (weather permitting) during this period by capturing birds near their breeding colonies as they return from foraging in the evenings. Before lavaging, birds are weighed and measured to obtain an index of gender and condition, and are then released at the site where they were initially captured. Variability in adult condition within and between seasons provides an important index of foraging effort and other related metrics. \n
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_end	String	2018-01-29T17:30:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_start	String	1992-01-15T16:30:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	Adelie penguin diet metadata, 1991, present.
variable	study_name		String
attribute	study_name	column_name	String	studyName
attribute	study_name	comment	String	Study Name
attribute	study_name	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	study_name	long_name	String	Study
variable	time		double
attribute	time	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Time
attribute	time	actual_range	double	6.95493E8, 1.517247E9
attribute	time	axis	String	T
attribute	time	calendar	String	proleptic_gregorian
attribute	time	column_name	String	time
attribute	time	comment	String	Date of sample collection / observation, UTC
attribute	time	ioos_category	String	Time
attribute	time	long_name	String	Sample Date/Time
attribute	time	lter_mscale	String	dateTime
attribute	time	standard_name	String	time
attribute	time	time_origin	String	01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute	time	units	String	seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable	island_name		String
attribute	island_name	column_name	String	col_1389
attribute	island_name	comment	String	abbreviated name of an island
attribute	island_name	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	island_name	long_name	String	Island
attribute	island_name	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	colony_code		String
attribute	colony_code	column_name	String	col_1390
attribute	colony_code	comment	String	code identifying an ecosystem colony, colony # refers to a colony on a specific island.
attribute	colony_code	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	colony_code	long_name	String	Colony
attribute	colony_code	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	sample_number		double
attribute	sample_number	_FillValue	double	9.969209968386869E36
attribute	sample_number	actual_range	double	1.0, 99040.0
attribute	sample_number	colorBarMaximum	double	100.0
attribute	sample_number	colorBarMinimum	double	0.0
attribute	sample_number	column_name	String	col_1391
attribute	sample_number	comment	String	record number of a sampling event
attribute	sample_number	ioos_category	String	Statistics
attribute	sample_number	long_name	String	Sample Number
attribute	sample_number	lter_mscale	String	interval
attribute	sample_number	lter_num_type	String	natural
attribute	sample_number	lter_units_string	String	number
attribute	sample_number	units_conventions	String	EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable	organism_weight		double
attribute	organism_weight	_FillValue	double	9.969209968386869E36
attribute	organism_weight	actual_range	double	0.0, 6000.0
attribute	organism_weight	column_name	String	col_1392
attribute	organism_weight	comment	String	weight of an organism
attribute	organism_weight	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	organism_weight	long_name	String	Bird Weight
attribute	organism_weight	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	organism_weight	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	organism_weight	lter_units	String	g
attribute	organism_weight	lter_units_string	String	gram
attribute	organism_weight	units	String	gram
attribute	organism_weight	units_conventions	String	AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable	sex		String
attribute	sex	column_name	String	col_1393
attribute	sex	comment	String	code for the sex of an animal
attribute	sex	ioos_category	String	Biology
attribute	sex	long_name	String	Sex
attribute	sex	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	dorsal_ridge_length		double
attribute	dorsal_ridge_length	_FillValue	double	9.969209968386869E36
attribute	dorsal_ridge_length	actual_range	double	31.6, 47.3
attribute	dorsal_ridge_length	column_name	String	col_1394
attribute	dorsal_ridge_length	comment	String	length of the dorsal ridge of a bird's bill
attribute	dorsal_ridge_length	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	dorsal_ridge_length	long_name	String	Culmen Length
attribute	dorsal_ridge_length	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	dorsal_ridge_length	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	dorsal_ridge_length	lter_units	String	mm
attribute	dorsal_ridge_length	lter_units_string	String	millimeter
attribute	dorsal_ridge_length	units	String	mm
attribute	dorsal_ridge_length	units_conventions	String	AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,MCR-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable	dorsal_ridge_depth		double
attribute	dorsal_ridge_depth	_FillValue	double	9.969209968386869E36
attribute	dorsal_ridge_depth	actual_range	double	14.4, 22.2
attribute	dorsal_ridge_depth	column_name	String	col_1395
attribute	dorsal_ridge_depth	comment	String	depth of the dorsal ridge of a bird's bill
attribute	dorsal_ridge_depth	ioos_category	String	Location
attribute	dorsal_ridge_depth	long_name	String	Culmen Depth
attribute	dorsal_ridge_depth	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	dorsal_ridge_depth	lter_num_type	String	real
attribute	dorsal_ridge_depth	lter_units	String	mm
attribute	dorsal_ridge_depth	lter_units_string	String	millimeter
attribute	dorsal_ridge_depth	units	String	mm
attribute	dorsal_ridge_depth	units_conventions	String	AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,MCR-LTER,SGS-LTER

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.