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   set  data   graph     files  Adelie penguin diet composition, krill size-frequency distribution, 1991, present.    ?            M   background (external link) RSS Subscribe
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AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL _NCProperties String version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.6
attribute NC_GLOBAL acknowledgement String Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes. A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \n\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels. In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training, education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_email String bfraser at 3rivers.net
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_name String William Fraser
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role String PrincipalInvestigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role_vocabulary String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_sector String academic
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_dataset_id String 96
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_id String 96
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_label String Adelie Penguin Diet Composition, Krill
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_name String AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2021-09-01T20:14:25Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_issued String 2021-09-01T20:14:25Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String null
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultGraphQuery String time,total_krill_abundance&.draw=markers&.marker=6%7C5&.color=0x000000&.colorBar=%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/f331feede8ba321afbcf812445f172ce (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_crs String EPSG:4326
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs String EPSG:5831
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degree_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degree_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_positive String down
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_units String EPSG:5831
attribute NC_GLOBAL history String /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_96/dat_96_PAL9900.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String birds, habitats, marine, Population Studies, populations, taxonomy
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String LTER Controlled Vocabulary,LTER Core Areas
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/) (external link). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the "Data User") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute NC_GLOBAL license_link String https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL naming_authority String edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute NC_GLOBAL product_version String 1.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL program String LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Palmer LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL references String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL sea_name String Southern Ocean
attribute NC_GLOBAL source String /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_96/dat_96_PAL9293.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute NC_GLOBAL subsetVariables String study_name
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Adelie penguin diet composition, krill size-frequency distribution, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \n\nThree species of krill occur in Adélie penguin diet samples, Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), crystal krill (E. crystallorophias) and Thysanoessa macrura (no common name), but beyond obtaining whole subsample weights following sorting (see DIET), only E. superba is subjected to further analysis. In this case, the original subsample from each individual penguin is searched with the objective of obtaining a minimum of 50 whole krill that when measured (in millimeters) provide an index of within and between season variability in population size-frequency distributions. These data have provided critical insights into a number of ecological processes, including in particular how sea ice affects krill recruitment and, in turn, how krill recruitment impacts Adélie penguin foraging efforts. \n
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_end String 2018-01-29T00:00:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_start String 1992-01-15T00:00:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String Adelie penguin diet composition, krill size-frequency distribution, 1991, present.
variable study_name   String  
attribute study_name column_name String studyName
attribute study_name comment String Study name
attribute study_name ioos_category String Unknown
attribute study_name long_name String Study
variable time   double  
attribute time _CoordinateAxisType String Time
attribute time actual_range double 6.954336E8, 1.517184E9
attribute time axis String T
attribute time calendar String proleptic_gregorian
attribute time column_id long 1421
attribute time column_name String col_1421
attribute time ioos_category String Time
attribute time long_name String Time
attribute time lter_column_description String Date of sample collection / observation, UTC
attribute time lter_column_name String Sample Collection Date
attribute time lter_mscale String dateTime
attribute time standard_name String time
attribute time time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute time units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable sample_number   short  
attribute sample_number _FillValue short 32767
attribute sample_number actual_range short -32071, 32509
attribute sample_number colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute sample_number colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute sample_number column_id long 1422
attribute sample_number column_name String col_1422
attribute sample_number ioos_category String Statistics
attribute sample_number long_name String Sample Number
attribute sample_number lter_column_description String record number of a sampling event
attribute sample_number lter_column_name String Sample Number
attribute sample_number lter_mscale String interval
attribute sample_number lter_num_type String natural
attribute sample_number lter_units_string String number
attribute sample_number units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable total_krill_abundance   short  
attribute total_krill_abundance _FillValue short 32767
attribute total_krill_abundance actual_range short 0, 199
attribute total_krill_abundance column_id long 1423
attribute total_krill_abundance column_name String col_1423
attribute total_krill_abundance ioos_category String Unknown
attribute total_krill_abundance long_name String Total Krill Abundance
attribute total_krill_abundance lter_column_description String abundance of krill
attribute total_krill_abundance lter_column_name String Total Number
attribute total_krill_abundance lter_mscale String ratio
attribute total_krill_abundance lter_num_type String real
attribute total_krill_abundance lter_units_string String number
attribute total_krill_abundance units String 1
attribute total_krill_abundance units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm   short  
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm _FillValue short 32767
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm actual_range short 0, 38
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm column_id long 1424
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm column_name String col_1424
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm ioos_category String Unknown
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm long_name String Krill Abundance 16mm To 20mm
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm lter_column_description String abundance of krill
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm lter_column_name String 16-20mm
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm lter_mscale String ratio
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm lter_num_type String real
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm lter_units_string String number
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm units String 1
attribute krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm   short  
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm _FillValue short 32767
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm actual_range short 0, 41
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm column_id long 1425
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm column_name String col_1425
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm ioos_category String Unknown
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm long_name String Krill Abundance 21mm To 25mm
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm lter_column_description String abundance of krill
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm lter_column_name String 21-25mm
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm lter_mscale String ratio
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm lter_num_type String real
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm lter_units_string String number
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm units String 1
attribute krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm   short  
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm _FillValue short 32767
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm actual_range short 0, 52
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm column_id long 1426
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm column_name String col_1426
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm ioos_category String Unknown
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm long_name String Krill Abundance 26mm To 30mm
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm lter_column_description String abundance of krill
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm lter_column_name String 26-30mm
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm lter_mscale String ratio
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm lter_num_type String real
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm lter_units_string String number
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm units String 1
attribute krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm   short  
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm _FillValue short 32767
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm actual_range short 0, 72
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm column_id long 1427
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm column_name String col_1427
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm ioos_category String Unknown
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm long_name String Krill Abundance 31mm To 35mm
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm lter_column_description String abundance of krill
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm lter_column_name String 31-35mm
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm lter_mscale String ratio
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm lter_num_type String real
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm lter_units_string String number
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm units String 1
attribute krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm   short  
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm _FillValue short 32767
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm actual_range short 0, 61
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm column_id long 1428
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm column_name String col_1428
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm ioos_category String Unknown
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm long_name String Krill Abundance 36mm To 40mm
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm lter_column_description String abundance of krill
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm lter_column_name String 36-40mm
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm lter_mscale String ratio
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm lter_num_type String real
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm lter_units_string String number
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm units String 1
attribute krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm   short  
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm _FillValue short 32767
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm actual_range short 0, 87
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm column_id long 1429
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm column_name String col_1429
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm ioos_category String Unknown
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm long_name String Krill Abundance 41mm To 45mm
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm lter_column_description String abundance of krill
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm lter_column_name String 41-45mm
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm lter_mscale String ratio
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm lter_num_type String real
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm lter_units_string String number
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm units String 1
attribute krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm   short  
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm _FillValue short 32767
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm actual_range short 0, 92
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm column_id long 1430
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm column_name String col_1430
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm ioos_category String Unknown
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm long_name String Krill Abundance 46mm To 50mm
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm lter_column_description String abundance of krill
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm lter_column_name String 46-50mm
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm lter_mscale String ratio
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm lter_num_type String real
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm lter_units_string String number
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm units String 1
attribute krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm   short  
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm _FillValue short 32767
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm actual_range short 0, 47
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm column_id long 1431
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm column_name String col_1431
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm ioos_category String Unknown
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm long_name String Krill Abundance 51mm To 55mm
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm lter_column_description String abundance of krill
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm lter_column_name String 51-55mm
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm lter_mscale String ratio
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm lter_num_type String real
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm lter_units_string String number
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm units String 1
attribute krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm   short  
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm _FillValue short 32767
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm actual_range short 0, 19
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm column_id long 1432
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm column_name String col_1432
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm ioos_category String Unknown
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm long_name String Krill Abundance 56mm To 60mm
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm lter_column_description String abundance of krill
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm lter_column_name String 56-60mm
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm lter_mscale String ratio
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm lter_num_type String real
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm lter_units_string String number
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm units String 1
attribute krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm   short  
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm _FillValue short 32767
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm actual_range short 0, 8
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm column_id long 1433
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm column_name String col_1433
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm ioos_category String Unknown
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm long_name String Krill Abundance 61mm To 65mm
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm lter_column_description String abundance of krill
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm lter_column_name String 61-65mm
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm lter_mscale String ratio
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm lter_num_type String real
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm lter_units_string String number
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm units String 1
attribute krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.


 
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