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ERDDAP
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Grid DAP Data | Sub- set | Table DAP Data | Make A Graph | W M S | Source Data Files | Title | Sum- mary | FGDC, ISO, Metadata | Back- ground Info | RSS | E | Institution | Dataset ID | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
set | data | graph | files | Adelie penguin diet composition, krill size-frequency distribution, 1991, present. | ![]() | M | background![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba |
Row Type | Variable Name | Attribute Name | Data Type | Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | _NCProperties | String | version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.6 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | acknowledgement | String | Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | cdm_data_type | String | Other |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | comment | String | The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes. A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \n\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels. In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training, education and outreach are an integral part of the program. |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | contributor_email | String | bfraser at 3rivers.net |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | contributor_name | String | William Fraser |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | contributor_role | String | PrincipalInvestigator |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | contributor_role_vocabulary | String | https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/![]() |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | Conventions | String | CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_country | String | USA |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_email | String | kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_institution | String | Rutgers University |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_name | String | John Kerfoot |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_sector | String | academic |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_type | String | person |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | creator_url | String | https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu![]() |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | datazoo_dataset_id | String | 96 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | datazoo_datatable_id | String | 96 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | datazoo_datatable_label | String | Adelie Penguin Diet Composition, Krill |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | datazoo_datatable_name | String | AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | date_created | String | 2021-09-01T20:14:25Z |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | date_issued | String | 2021-09-01T20:14:25Z |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | defaultDataQuery | String | null |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | defaultGraphQuery | String | time,total_krill_abundance&.draw=markers&.marker=6%7C5&.color=0x000000&.colorBar=%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | doi | String | https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/f331feede8ba321afbcf812445f172ce![]() |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_bounds_crs | String | EPSG:4326 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs | String | EPSG:5831 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_lat_resolution | String | 0.00001 degree |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_lat_units | String | degree_north |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_lon_resolution | String | 0.00001 degree |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_lon_units | String | degree_east |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_vertical_positive | String | down |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | geospatial_vertical_units | String | EPSG:5831 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | history | String | /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_96/dat_96_PAL9900.tsv |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | infoUrl | String | https://pal.lternet.edu/![]() |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | institution | String | National Science Foundation |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | keywords | String | birds, habitats, marine, Population Studies, populations, taxonomy |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | keywords_vocabulary | String | LTER Controlled Vocabulary,LTER Core Areas |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | license | String | All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/)![]() |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | license_link | String | https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/![]() |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | naming_authority | String | edu.rutgers.rucool |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | product_version | String | 1.0 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | program | String | LTER |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | project | String | Palmer LTER |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | publisher_country | String | USA |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | publisher_email | String | kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | publisher_institution | String | Rutgers University |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | publisher_name | String | John Kerfoot |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | publisher_type | String | person |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | publisher_url | String | https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu![]() |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | references | String | https://pal.lternet.edu/![]() |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | sea_name | String | Southern Ocean |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | source | String | /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_96/dat_96_PAL9293.tsv |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | sourceUrl | String | (local files) |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | standard_name_vocabulary | String | CF Standard Name Table v77 |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | subsetVariables | String | study_name |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | summary | String | Adelie penguin diet composition, krill size-frequency distribution, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \n\nThree species of krill occur in Adélie penguin diet samples, Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), crystal krill (E. crystallorophias) and Thysanoessa macrura (no common name), but beyond obtaining whole subsample weights following sorting (see DIET), only E. superba is subjected to further analysis. In this case, the original subsample from each individual penguin is searched with the objective of obtaining a minimum of 50 whole krill that when measured (in millimeters) provide an index of within and between season variability in population size-frequency distributions. These data have provided critical insights into a number of ecological processes, including in particular how sea ice affects krill recruitment and, in turn, how krill recruitment impacts Adélie penguin foraging efforts. \n |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | time_coverage_end | String | 2018-01-29T00:00:00Z |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | time_coverage_start | String | 1992-01-15T00:00:00Z |
attribute | NC_GLOBAL | title | String | Adelie penguin diet composition, krill size-frequency distribution, 1991, present. |
variable | study_name | String | ||
attribute | study_name | column_name | String | studyName |
attribute | study_name | comment | String | Study name |
attribute | study_name | ioos_category | String | Unknown |
attribute | study_name | long_name | String | Study |
variable | time | double | ||
attribute | time | _CoordinateAxisType | String | Time |
attribute | time | actual_range | double | 6.954336E8, 1.517184E9 |
attribute | time | axis | String | T |
attribute | time | calendar | String | proleptic_gregorian |
attribute | time | column_id | long | 1421 |
attribute | time | column_name | String | col_1421 |
attribute | time | ioos_category | String | Time |
attribute | time | long_name | String | Time |
attribute | time | lter_column_description | String | Date of sample collection / observation, UTC |
attribute | time | lter_column_name | String | Sample Collection Date |
attribute | time | lter_mscale | String | dateTime |
attribute | time | standard_name | String | time |
attribute | time | time_origin | String | 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00 |
attribute | time | units | String | seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z |
variable | sample_number | short | ||
attribute | sample_number | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | sample_number | actual_range | short | -32071, 32509 |
attribute | sample_number | colorBarMaximum | double | 100.0 |
attribute | sample_number | colorBarMinimum | double | 0.0 |
attribute | sample_number | column_id | long | 1422 |
attribute | sample_number | column_name | String | col_1422 |
attribute | sample_number | ioos_category | String | Statistics |
attribute | sample_number | long_name | String | Sample Number |
attribute | sample_number | lter_column_description | String | record number of a sampling event |
attribute | sample_number | lter_column_name | String | Sample Number |
attribute | sample_number | lter_mscale | String | interval |
attribute | sample_number | lter_num_type | String | natural |
attribute | sample_number | lter_units_string | String | number |
attribute | sample_number | units_conventions | String | EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER |
variable | total_krill_abundance | short | ||
attribute | total_krill_abundance | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | total_krill_abundance | actual_range | short | 0, 199 |
attribute | total_krill_abundance | column_id | long | 1423 |
attribute | total_krill_abundance | column_name | String | col_1423 |
attribute | total_krill_abundance | ioos_category | String | Unknown |
attribute | total_krill_abundance | long_name | String | Total Krill Abundance |
attribute | total_krill_abundance | lter_column_description | String | abundance of krill |
attribute | total_krill_abundance | lter_column_name | String | Total Number |
attribute | total_krill_abundance | lter_mscale | String | ratio |
attribute | total_krill_abundance | lter_num_type | String | real |
attribute | total_krill_abundance | lter_units_string | String | number |
attribute | total_krill_abundance | units | String | 1 |
attribute | total_krill_abundance | units_conventions | String | EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER |
variable | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | short | ||
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | actual_range | short | 0, 38 |
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | column_id | long | 1424 |
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | column_name | String | col_1424 |
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | ioos_category | String | Unknown |
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | long_name | String | Krill Abundance 16mm To 20mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | lter_column_description | String | abundance of krill |
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | lter_column_name | String | 16-20mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | lter_mscale | String | ratio |
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | lter_num_type | String | real |
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | lter_units_string | String | number |
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | units | String | 1 |
attribute | krill_abundance_16mm_to_20mm | units_conventions | String | EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER |
variable | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | short | ||
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | actual_range | short | 0, 41 |
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | column_id | long | 1425 |
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | column_name | String | col_1425 |
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | ioos_category | String | Unknown |
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | long_name | String | Krill Abundance 21mm To 25mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | lter_column_description | String | abundance of krill |
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | lter_column_name | String | 21-25mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | lter_mscale | String | ratio |
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | lter_num_type | String | real |
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | lter_units_string | String | number |
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | units | String | 1 |
attribute | krill_abundance_21mm_to_25mm | units_conventions | String | EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER |
variable | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | short | ||
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | actual_range | short | 0, 52 |
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | column_id | long | 1426 |
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | column_name | String | col_1426 |
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | ioos_category | String | Unknown |
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | long_name | String | Krill Abundance 26mm To 30mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | lter_column_description | String | abundance of krill |
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | lter_column_name | String | 26-30mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | lter_mscale | String | ratio |
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | lter_num_type | String | real |
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | lter_units_string | String | number |
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | units | String | 1 |
attribute | krill_abundance_26mm_to_30mm | units_conventions | String | EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER |
variable | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | short | ||
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | actual_range | short | 0, 72 |
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | column_id | long | 1427 |
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | column_name | String | col_1427 |
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | ioos_category | String | Unknown |
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | long_name | String | Krill Abundance 31mm To 35mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | lter_column_description | String | abundance of krill |
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | lter_column_name | String | 31-35mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | lter_mscale | String | ratio |
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | lter_num_type | String | real |
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | lter_units_string | String | number |
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | units | String | 1 |
attribute | krill_abundance_31mm_to_35mm | units_conventions | String | EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER |
variable | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | short | ||
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | actual_range | short | 0, 61 |
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | column_id | long | 1428 |
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | column_name | String | col_1428 |
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | ioos_category | String | Unknown |
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | long_name | String | Krill Abundance 36mm To 40mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | lter_column_description | String | abundance of krill |
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | lter_column_name | String | 36-40mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | lter_mscale | String | ratio |
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | lter_num_type | String | real |
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | lter_units_string | String | number |
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | units | String | 1 |
attribute | krill_abundance_36mm_to_40mm | units_conventions | String | EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER |
variable | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | short | ||
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | actual_range | short | 0, 87 |
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | column_id | long | 1429 |
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | column_name | String | col_1429 |
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | ioos_category | String | Unknown |
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | long_name | String | Krill Abundance 41mm To 45mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | lter_column_description | String | abundance of krill |
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | lter_column_name | String | 41-45mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | lter_mscale | String | ratio |
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | lter_num_type | String | real |
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | lter_units_string | String | number |
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | units | String | 1 |
attribute | krill_abundance_41mm_to_45mm | units_conventions | String | EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER |
variable | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | short | ||
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | actual_range | short | 0, 92 |
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | column_id | long | 1430 |
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | column_name | String | col_1430 |
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | ioos_category | String | Unknown |
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | long_name | String | Krill Abundance 46mm To 50mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | lter_column_description | String | abundance of krill |
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | lter_column_name | String | 46-50mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | lter_mscale | String | ratio |
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | lter_num_type | String | real |
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | lter_units_string | String | number |
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | units | String | 1 |
attribute | krill_abundance_46mm_to_50mm | units_conventions | String | EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER |
variable | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | short | ||
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | actual_range | short | 0, 47 |
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | column_id | long | 1431 |
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | column_name | String | col_1431 |
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | ioos_category | String | Unknown |
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | long_name | String | Krill Abundance 51mm To 55mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | lter_column_description | String | abundance of krill |
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | lter_column_name | String | 51-55mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | lter_mscale | String | ratio |
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | lter_num_type | String | real |
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | lter_units_string | String | number |
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | units | String | 1 |
attribute | krill_abundance_51mm_to_55mm | units_conventions | String | EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER |
variable | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | short | ||
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | actual_range | short | 0, 19 |
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | column_id | long | 1432 |
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | column_name | String | col_1432 |
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | ioos_category | String | Unknown |
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | long_name | String | Krill Abundance 56mm To 60mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | lter_column_description | String | abundance of krill |
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | lter_column_name | String | 56-60mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | lter_mscale | String | ratio |
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | lter_num_type | String | real |
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | lter_units_string | String | number |
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | units | String | 1 |
attribute | krill_abundance_56mm_to_60mm | units_conventions | String | EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER |
variable | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | short | ||
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | _FillValue | short | 32767 |
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | actual_range | short | 0, 8 |
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | column_id | long | 1433 |
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | column_name | String | col_1433 |
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | ioos_category | String | Unknown |
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | long_name | String | Krill Abundance 61mm To 65mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | lter_column_description | String | abundance of krill |
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | lter_column_name | String | 61-65mm |
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | lter_mscale | String | ratio |
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | lter_num_type | String | real |
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | lter_units_string | String | number |
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | units | String | 1 |
attribute | krill_abundance_61mm_to_65mm | units_conventions | String | EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER |
The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.