ERDDAP > info > AdeliePenguinCensus

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
	set	data	graph		files	Adelie penguin area-wide breeding population census, 1991, present.		M	background			National Science ...	AdeliePenguinCensus

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	_NCProperties	String	version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.6
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acknowledgement	String	Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes. A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \n\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels. In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training, education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_email	String	bfraser at 3rivers.net
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_name	String	William Fraser
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_role	String	PrincipalInvestigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_role_vocabulary	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_country	String	USA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_institution	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	John Kerfoot
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_sector	String	academic
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	person
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_dataset_id	String	87
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_id	String	87
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_label	String	Adelie Penguin Census
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_name	String	AdeliePenguinCensus
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2021-05-10T17:08:30Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_issued	String	2021-05-10T17:08:30Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	null
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/89dd52217ca37e3a72a67f7a9bc3c82e
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_bounds_crs	String	EPSG:4326
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs	String	EPSG:5831
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_resolution	String	0.00001 degree
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degree_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_resolution	String	0.00001 degree
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degree_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_positive	String	down
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_units	String	EPSG:5831
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	history	String	local files
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://pal.lternet.edu/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	National Science Foundation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	birds, habitats, marine, Population Studies, populations, taxonomy
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords_vocabulary	String	LTER Controlled Vocabulary,LTER Core Areas
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the "Data User") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license_link	String	https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	methods	String	General Methods: Data are obtained in accordance with the CEMP Standard Methods (CCAMLR 1992), noting the following exceptions: Censuses to determine breeding population size are done as close to peak egg laying as possible in accordance with the protocol, but only incubating birds are censused. The application of new bands is annually limited to 1000 rather than 1500 chicks. The search effort to detect returning, previously banded penguins is standardized by involving two people that search every colony on Humble Island every two days during the entire length of the field season.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	naming_authority	String	edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	product_version	String	1.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	program	String	LTER
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Palmer LTER
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_country	String	USA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_email	String	kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_institution	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	John Kerfoot
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	person
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_url	String	https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	references	String	https://pal.lternet.edu/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sea_name	String	Southern Ocean
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	source	String	local files
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	subsetVariables	String	study_name,island_name,colony_code
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Adelie penguin area-wide breeding population census, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \n\nThe PAL study region includes five main islands on which Adélie penguin colonies have historically occurred. These are censused synoptically once a year to determine the overall size of the breeding population. The optimal census date may vary by a few days each season, but ultimately tries to capture the week following peak egg laying when the total number of breeding pairs reaches a maximum. The timing of this census is assisted by the REPRO and HUMPOP data, which provide a daily to weekly rate of change in breeding adult population numbers as new nests are initiated. This census is useful for a number of assessments, one of the most critical being that it directly reflects the effects of environmental variability on adult overwinter survival.\n
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_end	String	2017-11-24T00:00:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_start	String	1991-11-03T00:00:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	Adelie penguin area-wide breeding population census, 1991, present.
variable	study_name		String
attribute	study_name	column_name	String	studyName
attribute	study_name	comment	String	Study Name
attribute	study_name	ioos_category	String	Identifier
attribute	study_name	long_name	String	Study
variable	time		double
attribute	time	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Time
attribute	time	actual_range	double	6.891264E8, 1.5114816E9
attribute	time	axis	String	T
attribute	time	calendar	String	proleptic_gregorian
attribute	time	column_name	String	col_1334
attribute	time	comment	String	census date in GMT
attribute	time	ioos_category	String	Time
attribute	time	long_name	String	Date GMT
attribute	time	lter_mscale	String	dateTime
attribute	time	source_name	String	date
attribute	time	standard_name	String	time
attribute	time	time_origin	String	01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute	time	units	String	seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable	island_name		String
attribute	island_name	column_name	String	col_1335
attribute	island_name	comment	String	abbreviated name of an island
attribute	island_name	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	island_name	long_name	String	Island
attribute	island_name	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	colony_code		double
attribute	colony_code	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	colony_code	actual_range	double	1.0, 23.1
attribute	colony_code	column_name	String	col_1336
attribute	colony_code	comment	String	code identifying an ecosystem colony, colony # refers to a colony on a specific island.
attribute	colony_code	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	colony_code	long_name	String	Colony
attribute	colony_code	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	num_breeding_pairs		long
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	_FillValue	long	9223372036854775807
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	actual_range	long	0, 517
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	column_name	String	col_1337
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	comment	String	penguin Breeding Pairs
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	long_name	String	Breeding Pairs
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	lter_num_type	String	integer
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	lter_units_string	String	number
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	units_conventions	String	EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.