ERDDAP > info > AdeliePenguinAdultandChickCounts

Grid DAP Data	Sub- set	Table DAP Data	Make A Graph	W M S	Source Data Files	Title	Sum- mary	FGDC, ISO, Metadata	Back- ground Info	RSS	E mail	Institution	Dataset ID
	set	data	graph		files	Adelie penguin colony-specific chick production, 1991, present.		M	background			National Science ...	AdeliePenguinAdultandChickCounts

The Dataset's Variables and Attributes

Row Type	Variable Name	Attribute Name	Data Type	Value
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	_NCProperties	String	version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.6
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	acknowledgement	String	Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	cdm_data_type	String	Other
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	comment	String	The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes. A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \n\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels. In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training, education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_email	String	bfraser at 3rivers.net
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_name	String	William Fraser
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_role	String	PrincipalInvestigator
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	contributor_role_vocabulary	String	https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	Conventions	String	CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_country	String	USA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_email	String	kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_institution	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_name	String	John Kerfoot
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_sector	String	academic
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_type	String	person
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	creator_url	String	https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_dataet_id	String	88
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_id	String	88
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_label	String	Adelie Penguin Chick Counts
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	datazoo_datatable_name	String	AdeliePenguinAdultandChickCounts
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_created	String	2021-06-01T19:43:50Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	date_issued	String	2021-06-01T19:43:50Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	defaultDataQuery	String	null
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	doi	String	https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/9bf4588c02d6caa12a68133134ed4489
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_bounds_crs	String	EPSG:4326
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs	String	EPSG:5831
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_resolution	String	0.00001 degree
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lat_units	String	degree_north
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_resolution	String	0.00001 degree
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_lon_units	String	degree_east
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_positive	String	down
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	geospatial_vertical_units	String	EPSG:5831
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	history	String	local files
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	infoUrl	String	https://pal.lternet.edu/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	institution	String	National Science Foundation
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords	String	birds, habitats, marine, Population Studies, populations, Signature, taxonomy
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	keywords_vocabulary	String	LTER Core Areas,LTER Controlled Vocabulary
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license	String	All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the "Data User") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is." The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	license_link	String	https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	methods	String	General Methods: Samples were obtained in accordance with the CEMP Standard Methods (CCAMLR 1992), noting the following exceptions: The procedure for determining the number of chicks raised per pair was modified so that the sample of monitored nests was distributed across several penguin colonies, as opposed to a single one. This was done to adequately represent the rookery due to the extreme differences in elevation and exposure exhibited by individual colonies and the nest sites they contain. A different, random sample of nests is used each season. The procedure for determining chick weights at fledging was modified so that only chicks that had been previously flipper banded were included in the sample; this provides an additional, fine scale measure of fledging chronology. The procedure for determining the number of one and two chick broods is not one of the CEMP methods.\n\nThese censuses begin the day after the first day that chicks show evidence of creching, which in the Palmer area typically brackets the 5-9 Jan period.\n\nIn colonies where the number of active nests < 100, the entire colony is censused; where the number > 100, a 100 nest sample is used in a strip transect that is 5 nests wide and runs along the perimeter of the colony for a distance sufficient enough to obtain the sample. Note that the "date" fields in the repro.dat files are based on a numerical sequence where 01 October = day 1 and 28 February = day 151.
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	naming_authority	String	edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	product_version	String	1.0
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	program	String	LTER
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	project	String	Palmer LTER
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_country	String	USA
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_email	String	kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_institution	String	Rutgers University
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_name	String	John Kerfoot
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_type	String	person
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	publisher_url	String	https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	references	String	https://pal.lternet.edu/
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sea_name	String	Southern Ocean
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	source	String	local files
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	sourceUrl	String	(local files)
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	standard_name_vocabulary	String	CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	subsetVariables	String	study_name,island_name,colony_code
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	summary	String	Adelie penguin colony-specific chick production, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \n\nThe PAL study region includes five main islands on which Adélie penguin colonies have historically occurred. These are censused synoptically once a year to determine the total number of chicks produced in the area. The optimal date for this census may vary by a few days each season, but ultimately tries to capture the week following the time when approximately 2/3 of the chicks have crèched. The timing of this census is assisted by the REPRO data, which provide a daily to weekly rate of change in the number of crèched chicks. Because the colonies used in this area-wide census are the same as those used to determine the overall annual breeding population, one of the key metrics obtained is an integrated number of breeding success (chicks crèched/breeding pair). These data have provided valuable insights into the marine and terrestrial factors that influence Adélie penguin mean population fitness. \n
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_end	String	2018-01-27T00:00:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	time_coverage_start	String	1992-01-26T00:00:00Z
attribute	NC_GLOBAL	title	String	Adelie penguin colony-specific chick production, 1991, present.
variable	study_name		String
attribute	study_name	column_name	String	studyName
attribute	study_name	comment	String	Study Name
attribute	study_name	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	study_name	long_name	String	Study
variable	time		double
attribute	time	_CoordinateAxisType	String	Time
attribute	time	actual_range	double	6.96384E8, 1.5170112E9
attribute	time	axis	String	T
attribute	time	calendar	String	proleptic_gregorian
attribute	time	column_name	String	col_1338
attribute	time	comment	String	date in GMT
attribute	time	ioos_category	String	Time
attribute	time	long_name	String	Date GMT
attribute	time	lter_mscale	String	dateTime
attribute	time	source_name	String	date
attribute	time	standard_name	String	time
attribute	time	time_origin	String	01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute	time	units	String	seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable	island_name		String
attribute	island_name	column_name	String	col_1339
attribute	island_name	comment	String	abbreviated name of an island
attribute	island_name	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	island_name	long_name	String	Island
attribute	island_name	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	colony_code		double
attribute	colony_code	_FillValue	double	NaN
attribute	colony_code	actual_range	double	1.0, 23.1
attribute	colony_code	column_name	String	col_1340
attribute	colony_code	comment	String	code identifying an ecosystem colony, colony # refers to a colony on a specific island.
attribute	colony_code	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	colony_code	long_name	String	Colony
attribute	colony_code	lter_mscale	String	nominal
variable	num_breeding_pairs		int
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	_FillValue	int	2147483647
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	actual_range	int	0, 386
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	column_name	String	col_1341
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	comment	String	penguin Breeding Pairs
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	long_name	String	Adults
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	lter_num_type	String	integer
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	lter_units_string	String	number
attribute	num_breeding_pairs	units_conventions	String	EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable	num_chicks		int
attribute	num_chicks	_FillValue	int	2147483647
attribute	num_chicks	actual_range	int	0, 713
attribute	num_chicks	column_name	String	col_1342
attribute	num_chicks	comment	String	penguin Breeding Pairs
attribute	num_chicks	ioos_category	String	Unknown
attribute	num_chicks	long_name	String	Chicks
attribute	num_chicks	lter_mscale	String	ratio
attribute	num_chicks	lter_num_type	String	integer
attribute	num_chicks	lter_units_string	String	number
attribute	num_chicks	units_conventions	String	EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable	census_time		String
attribute	census_time	column_name	String	col_3857
attribute	census_time	comment	String	Greenwich Mean Time, a.k.a UTC
attribute	census_time	ioos_category	String	Time
attribute	census_time	long_name	String	Time GMT
attribute	census_time	lter_mscale	String	dateTime

The information in the table above is also available in other file formats (.csv, .htmlTable, .itx, .json, .jsonlCSV1, .jsonlCSV, .jsonlKVP, .mat, .nc, .nccsv, .tsv, .xhtml) via a RESTful web service.