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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL _NCProperties String version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.6
attribute NC_GLOBAL acknowledgement String Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String TimeSeries
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_timeseries_variables String station,latitude,longitude
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes.  A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. Palmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels.  In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training,  education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_name String Mike Meredith
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role String principalInvestigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role_vocabulary String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_sector String academic
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_label String Stable isotope composition (d18O) of seawater (Palmer Basin)
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2021-03-12T02:38:12Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_issued String 2021-03-12T02:38:12Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String event%2Cstation%2Cdepth%2Ctemperature%2Csalinity%2Cmld%2Co18%2Co18_duplicate%2Ctime%2Clatitude%2Clongitude&orderBy(%22time%22)
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultGraphQuery String longitude%2Clatitude%2C&.draw=markers&.marker=7%7C5&.color=0x000000&.colorBar=%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double -64.0405
attribute NC_GLOBAL featureType String TimeSeries
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_crs String EPSG:4326
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs String EPSG:5831
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double -64.7738
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double -64.815
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double -64.0405
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -64.0725
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_max double 10.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_min double 0.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_positive String down
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_units String m
attribute NC_GLOBAL history String /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/xlsx/meredith/Stable Isotope composition (dO18) of seawater (Palmer).xls
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL instrument_vocabulary String NASA/GCMD Instrument Keywords Version 8.5
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String 16o, 18o, antarctic, basinalong, climate, composition, content, d18o, data, date, density, depth, determined, deviation, earth, Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature, Earth Science > Oceans > Salinity/Density > Salinity, event, excluding, freshwater, identifier, index, isotope, isotope_ratio_of_18o_to_16o_in_sea_water_excluding_solutes_and_solids, isotopes, jcli, journal, latitude, layer, longitude, lter, mixed, mld, number, o18, o18_duplicate, ocean, oceanic, oceanography, oceans, oxygen, pal, pal-lter, palmer, peninsula, physical, physical oceanography, practical, ratio, region, rutgers, salinity, sample, sampling, science, sea, sea_water_practical_salinity, sea_water_temperature, seawater, solids, solutes, sources, stable, standard, station, statistics, study, temperature, time, university, water, western
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String GCMD Science Keywords
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/) (external link). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the \"Data User\") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute NC_GLOBAL license_link String https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL methods String Stable oxygen isotope composition of seawater: PAL-LTER samples were drawn into 50-ml glass vials, which were sealed with stoppers and aluminum crimps to prevent evaporation. The d18O samples were then transported to the United Kingdom via dark cool stow (4 degC), where they were analyzed at the Natural Environment Research Council Isotope Geosciences Laboratory (NIGL) at the British Geological Survey. The method of analysis is the equilibrium method for oxygen (Epstein and Mayeda 1953), with samples run on a VG Isoprep 18 and SIRA 10 mass spectrometer. Random duplicates were analyzed to establish precision, with an average better than +/- 0.02%.
attribute NC_GLOBAL naming_authority String edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double -64.7738
attribute NC_GLOBAL platform_vocabulary String NASA/GCMD Platforms Keywords Version 8.5
attribute NC_GLOBAL product_version String 1.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL program String LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Palmer LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL references String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL sea_name String Southern Ocean
attribute NC_GLOBAL source String /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/xlsx/meredith/Stable Isotope composition (dO18) of seawater (Palmer).xls
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double -64.815
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute NC_GLOBAL subsetVariables String station,latitude,longitude
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Dataset contains measurements of the ratio of stable isotopes of oxygen in seawater taken in the Palmer Basin at stations B, E and the Palmer station seawater intake. The oceanic distribution of d18O is determined largely by the same processes that control salinity. Surface d18O reflects the magnitude and spatial distribution of freshwater inputs, and it is a conservative tracer in the ocean interior. The great benefit of d18O is obtained from the circumstances under which it exhibits behavior different to that of salinity. One such circumstance derives from the salinity and d18O values in precipitation, with salinity being constant with latitude (typically zero), while in general d18O in precipitation becomes progressively isotopically lighter toward the poles. This results in glacial ice (which derives from high-latitude precipitation) being very isotopically light, enabling d18O to be a useful tracer of glacial discharge to the ocean (e.g., Schlosser et al. 1990; Weiss et al. 1979). Another difference occurs in regions influenced by sea ice, which greatly affects salinity during its formation/melt cycle but has only minimal impact on d18O. This decoupling of the two tracers allows them to be used in tandem to quantitatively separate freshwater inputs from sea ice melt and those from meteoric sources (precipitation plus glacial discharge). For this, a simple three-endmember mass balance can be used. For details please see Meredith, M. P., H. J. Venables, A. Clarke, H. W. Ducklow, M. Erickson, M. J. Leng, J. T. M. Lenaerts, and M. R. van den Broeke. 2013. The freshwater system west of the Antarctic Peninsula: Spatial and temporal changes. Journal of Climate 26:1669-1684.
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_end String 2018-03-26T00:00:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_start String 2011-11-24T00:00:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String Sources of oceanic freshwater content in the Palmer Basin along the western Antarctic Peninsula (PAL-LTER Study Region) determined by the stable isotope composition (d18O) of seawater.
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -64.0725
variable station String
attribute station cf_role String timeseries_id
attribute station comment String Palmer LTER sampling station
attribute station ioos_category String Identifier
attribute station long_name String Sampling Station
variable time double
attribute time _CoordinateAxisType String Time
attribute time actual_range double 1.3220928E9, 1.5220224E9
attribute time axis String T
attribute time calendar String proleptic_gregorian
attribute time comment String Date and time of the sample
attribute time ioos_category String Time
attribute time long_name String Sample Date
attribute time lter_mscale String dateTime
attribute time standard_name String time
attribute time time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute time units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable latitude double
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute latitude actual_range double -64.815, -64.7738
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude comment String Latitude (degrees South) from CTD bottle trip record
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude lter_mscale String ratio
attribute latitude lter_num_type String real
attribute latitude lter_units String º
attribute latitude lter_units_string String degree
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
attribute latitude units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable longitude double
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute longitude actual_range double -64.0725, -64.0405
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude comment String Longitude (degrees West) from CTD bottle trip record
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude lter_mscale String ratio
attribute longitude lter_num_type String real
attribute longitude lter_units String º
attribute longitude lter_units_string String degree
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
attribute longitude units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable depth double
attribute depth _CoordinateAxisType String Height
attribute depth _CoordinateZisPositive String down
attribute depth _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute depth actual_range double 0.0, 10.0
attribute depth axis String Z
attribute depth colorBarMaximum double 8000.0
attribute depth colorBarMinimum double -8000.0
attribute depth colorBarPalette String TopographyDepth
attribute depth comment String Depth of sample collection
attribute depth ioos_category String Location
attribute depth long_name String Depth
attribute depth lter_units String m
attribute depth lter_units_string String meter
attribute depth positive String down
attribute depth standard_name String depth
attribute depth units String m
attribute depth units_conventions String AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable temperature double
attribute temperature _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute temperature actual_range double -1.7547, 2.8855
attribute temperature colorBarMaximum double 32.0
attribute temperature colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute temperature comment String Water temperature from CTD
attribute temperature ioos_category String Temperature
attribute temperature long_name String Temperature
attribute temperature lter_units String C
attribute temperature lter_units_string String celsius
attribute temperature standard_name String sea_water_temperature
attribute temperature units String degree_C
attribute temperature units_conventions String AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable salinity double
attribute salinity _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute salinity actual_range double 31.936, 34.207
attribute salinity colorBarMaximum double 37.0
attribute salinity colorBarMinimum double 32.0
attribute salinity comment String Calculated salinity from CTD
attribute salinity ioos_category String Salinity
attribute salinity long_name String Practical Salinity
attribute salinity lter_units String PSU
attribute salinity lter_units_string String practicalSalinityUnit
attribute salinity standard_name String sea_water_practical_salinity
attribute salinity units String 1
attribute salinity units_conventions String MCM-LTER,PAL-LTER
variable mld double
attribute mld _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute mld actual_range double 1.0, 90.0
attribute mld comment String Depth of the mixed layer calculated using maximum buoyancy as per Carvalho et al 2016.
attribute mld ioos_category String Physical Oceanography
attribute mld long_name String Mixed Layer Depth
attribute mld units String m
variable o18 double
attribute o18 _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute o18 actual_range double -1.074380936432517, -0.1283467377767913
attribute o18 comment String Ratio of stable isotopes of oxygen in seawater
attribute o18 ioos_category String Unknown
attribute o18 long_name String Oxygen Isotopes Ratio
attribute o18 standard_name String isotope_ratio_of_18o_to_16o_in_sea_water_excluding_solutes_and_solids
attribute o18 units String ppt
variable o18_duplicate double
attribute o18_duplicate _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute o18_duplicate actual_range double -1.0589649684624307, -0.234282852626587
attribute o18_duplicate comment String Ratio of stable isotopes of oxygen in seawater. Duplicate sample
attribute o18_duplicate ioos_category String Unknown
attribute o18_duplicate long_name String Oxygen Isotopes Ratio
attribute o18_duplicate standard_name String isotope_ratio_of_18o_to_16o_in_sea_water_excluding_solutes_and_solids
attribute o18_duplicate units String ppt
variable event short
attribute event _FillValue short 32767
attribute event actual_range short 1, 380
attribute event colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute event colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute event comment String Sampling event number
attribute event ioos_category String Statistics
attribute event long_name String Event Number

 
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