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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL _NCProperties String version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.6
attribute NC_GLOBAL acknowledgement String Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String TimeSeries
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_timeseries_variables String station,latitude,longitude
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes.  A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \\n\\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels.  In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training,  education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_email String hducklow at ldeo.columbia.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_name String Hugh Ducklow
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role String PrincipalInvestigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role_vocabulary String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_sector String academic
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_dataset_id String 47
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_id String 47
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_label String Bacteria (Station)
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_name String Bacteria
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2021-05-07T15:50:49Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_issued String 2021-05-07T15:50:49Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String null
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultGraphQuery String longitude,latitude&.draw=markers&.marker=7%7C5&.color=0x000000&.colorBar=%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/8168e51daba2b7f7a978d2f6a27e22a4 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double -64.0405
attribute NC_GLOBAL featureType String TimeSeries
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_crs String EPSG:4326
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs String EPSG:5831
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double -64.7442
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double -64.815
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double -64.0405
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -64.0725
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_max double 89.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_min double 0.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_positive String down
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_units String m
attribute NC_GLOBAL history String local files
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String ecology, habitats, marine, microbes, Organic Matter, organic matter, Population Studies
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String LTER Core Areas,LTER Controlled Vocabulary
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/) (external link). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the \"Data User\") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute NC_GLOBAL license_link String https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL methods String General Methods: Water samples for all microbial analyses are harvested from the CTD-Rosette system. Bacterial abundance samples are analyzed within two hours by flow cytometry following the protocol of Gasol and del Giorgio (1997), with SYBR-Green staining on an Accuri C6 (Becton-Dickinson). Total bacteria concentrations were determined by adding 1 μm microspheres (Polysciences, Warrington, PA) and 5 μM final concentration of stain to 0.5 mL of sample.  Samples were incubated in the dark for 30 minutes and analyzed for 2 minutes at a low flow rate.  Numbers of total bacteria and beads were determined in cytograms of side scatter (SSC) versus green fluorescence (FL1).  Calculation of the absolute concentration of stained particles was based on the total sample volume analyzed, as determined by the count of added microspheres.\\n\\n\\nBacterial Production (BP) rates were derived from rates of 3H-leucine incorporation measured on samples extending over the upper 50-100 m. The leucine assays followed a procedure modified from the protocol originally proposed by Smith and Azam (1992). Briefly, triplicate 1.5 ml samples were incubated shortly after collection  for ~3 h with 3H-leucine (MP Biomedical, Santa Ana, CA; >100 Ci/mmol, 20-25 nM final concentration) in 2.0 ml microcentrifuge tubes (Axygen SCT-200, Union City, CA). Incubations were maintained within 0.5°C of the in situ temperature in refrigerated circulator baths and terminated by the addition of 0.1 ml of 100% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Samples were concentrated by centrifugation, rinsed with 5% TCA and 70% ethanol and air-dried overnight prior to radioassay by liquid scintillation counting in Ultima Gold cocktail (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA). Blank values of TCA-killed samples were subtracted from the average of the triplicates for each discrete depth sample. BP rates are derived by multiplying the leucine incorporation rate times 1500 gC mole-1 (Ducklow et al (2000).\\n
attribute NC_GLOBAL naming_authority String edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double -64.7442
attribute NC_GLOBAL product_version String 1.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL program String LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Palmer LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL references String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL sea_name String Southern Ocean
attribute NC_GLOBAL source String local files
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double -64.815
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute NC_GLOBAL subsetVariables String study_name,station,longitude,latitude
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Bacterial properties in discrete water column samples collected during Palmer LTER station seasons at Palmer Station Antarctica, 2002 - 2019. The microbial biogeochemistry component of PAL focuses on marine bacterioplankton, and is thus a counterpart to the phytoplankton and zooplankton components, which together provide a detailed and comprehensive description of plankton ecology in PAL-LTER. Bacteria and Archaea (hereafter called \"bacteria\") are taxonomically and metabolically diverse. In coastal and offshore surface waters Bacteria generally predominate over Archaea, but Archaea are equal or greater in abundance in the mesopelagic layer below the euphoric zone. We focus on aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria in the upper 65 m at Palmer Station which oxidize recently-produced low molecular weight dissolved organic compounds released by phytoplankton and zooplankton, decomposing them back into CO2 and inorganic nutrients. Globally, marine bacteria respire an amount of carbon roughly equal to about half the daily photosynthetic production. In cold polar waters, relative bacterial activity is lower, with bacterial biomass production being equal to <5% of the daily photosynthesis. The ratio at lower latitudes is 10-20%. The factors responsible for this contrast are not entirely clear. Resolving this pattern is a key aim of the PAL microbial component. At Palmer Station, bacterial production is low (< 10 mgC/m2/d) in the winter (polar night) when there is little if any photosynthesis. There is a climatological (2003-14 average) summer peak of 50-60 mgC/m2/d in January-February but with considerable seasonal and annual variability. \\n\\nThe 2016/2017 season data contains bacteria abundances for preserved samples for comparison to abundances from live samples. See the documentation for this in the accompanying file, 2016_live_vs_preserved.pdf.
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_end String 2019-03-28T00:00:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_start String 2002-11-16T00:00:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String Bacterial properties in discrete water column samples collected during Palmer LTER station seasons at Palmer Station Antarctica, 2002, 2019.
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -64.0725
variable study_name String
attribute study_name column_name String studyName
attribute study_name comment String Field Season
attribute study_name ioos_category String Unknown
attribute study_name long_name String Study
variable time double
attribute time _CoordinateAxisType String Time
attribute time actual_range double 1.0374048E9, 1.5537312E9
attribute time axis String T
attribute time calendar String proleptic_gregorian
attribute time column_name String col_581
attribute time comment String date in GMT
attribute time ioos_category String Time
attribute time long_name String Date GMT
attribute time lter_mscale String dateTime
attribute time standard_name String time
attribute time time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute time units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable latitude double
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute latitude actual_range double -64.815, -64.7442
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude column_name String station_latitude
attribute latitude comment String Latitude of Palmer LTER station
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude lter_mscale String ratio
attribute latitude lter_num_type String real
attribute latitude lter_units String º
attribute latitude lter_units_string String degree
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
attribute latitude units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable longitude double
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute longitude actual_range double -64.0725, -64.0405
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude column_name String station_longitude
attribute longitude comment String Longitude of Palmer LTER station
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude lter_mscale String ratio
attribute longitude lter_num_type String real
attribute longitude lter_units String º
attribute longitude lter_units_string String degree
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
attribute longitude units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable event String
attribute event column_name String col_582
attribute event comment String sequence of cruise happenings ordered by time
attribute event ioos_category String Statistics
attribute event long_name String Event Number
attribute event lter_mscale String interval
attribute event lter_num_type String real
attribute event lter_units_string String number
attribute event units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable station String
attribute station cf_role String timeseries_id
attribute station column_name String col_583
attribute station comment String Palmer LTER grid station
attribute station ioos_category String Identifier
attribute station long_name String Station Name
attribute station lter_mscale String nominal
variable depth double
attribute depth _CoordinateAxisType String Height
attribute depth _CoordinateZisPositive String down
attribute depth _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute depth actual_range double 0.0, 89.0
attribute depth axis String Z
attribute depth colorBarMaximum double 8000.0
attribute depth colorBarMinimum double -8000.0
attribute depth colorBarPalette String TopographyDepth
attribute depth column_name String col_584
attribute depth comment String measurement or sample collection distance from water column surface
attribute depth ioos_category String Location
attribute depth long_name String Depth
attribute depth lter_mscale String ratio
attribute depth lter_num_type String real
attribute depth lter_units String m
attribute depth lter_units_string String meter
attribute depth missing_value double -999.0
attribute depth positive String down
attribute depth standard_name String depth
attribute depth units String m
attribute depth units_conventions String AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable bacterial_cell_count double
attribute bacterial_cell_count _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute bacterial_cell_count actual_range double -999000.0, 6.79523076923077E9
attribute bacterial_cell_count colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute bacterial_cell_count colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute bacterial_cell_count column_name String col_585
attribute bacterial_cell_count comment String single-celled microorganisms
attribute bacterial_cell_count ioos_category String Statistics
attribute bacterial_cell_count long_name String Abundance
attribute bacterial_cell_count lter_mscale String ratio
attribute bacterial_cell_count lter_num_type String real
attribute bacterial_cell_count lter_units String num/L
attribute bacterial_cell_count lter_units_string String numberPerLiter
attribute bacterial_cell_count units String count L-1
attribute bacterial_cell_count units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,NTL-LTER
variable thymidine double
attribute thymidine _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute thymidine actual_range double -0.85638723659557, 13.8082872382389
attribute thymidine column_name String col_586
attribute thymidine comment String incorporation of nutrients
attribute thymidine ioos_category String Unknown
attribute thymidine long_name String Thymidine Incorp.
attribute thymidine lter_mscale String ratio
attribute thymidine lter_num_type String real
attribute thymidine lter_units String pmol/L/hr
attribute thymidine lter_units_string String picomolePerLiterPerHour
attribute thymidine missing_value double -999.0
attribute thymidine units_conventions String PAL-LTER
variable leucine double
attribute leucine _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute leucine actual_range double 0.155039651527839, 523.522102998826
attribute leucine column_name String col_587
attribute leucine comment String incorporation of nutrients
attribute leucine ioos_category String Unknown
attribute leucine long_name String Leucine Incorp.
attribute leucine lter_mscale String ratio
attribute leucine lter_num_type String real
attribute leucine lter_units String pmol/L/hr
attribute leucine lter_units_string String picomolePerLiterPerHour
attribute leucine missing_value double -999.0
attribute leucine units String picomol L-1 hr-1
attribute leucine units_conventions String PAL-LTER
variable bacteria_abundance_live double
attribute bacteria_abundance_live _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute bacteria_abundance_live actual_range double -999000.0, 1.70128571428571E9
attribute bacteria_abundance_live colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute bacteria_abundance_live colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute bacteria_abundance_live column_name String col_5449
attribute bacteria_abundance_live comment String Bacteria abundance from live samples
attribute bacteria_abundance_live ioos_category String Statistics
attribute bacteria_abundance_live long_name String Abundance (Live)
attribute bacteria_abundance_live lter_mscale String ratio
attribute bacteria_abundance_live lter_num_type String real
attribute bacteria_abundance_live lter_units String num/L
attribute bacteria_abundance_live lter_units_string String numberPerLiter
attribute bacteria_abundance_live units String count L-1
attribute bacteria_abundance_live units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,NTL-LTER
variable bacteria_abundance_preserved double
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved actual_range double 11692.3076923077, 8.88285714285714E8
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved column_name String col_5447
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved comment String Bacteria abundance from sample preserved with 10% paraformaldehyde
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved ioos_category String Statistics
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved long_name String Abundance (preserved)
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved lter_mscale String ratio
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved lter_num_type String real
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved lter_units String num/L
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved lter_units_string String numberPerLiter
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved missing_value double -999.0
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved units String count L-1
attribute bacteria_abundance_preserved units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,NTL-LTER
variable notes String
attribute notes column_name String col_5448
attribute notes comment String Notes
attribute notes ioos_category String Unknown
attribute notes long_name String Notes
attribute notes lter_mscale String nominal

 
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