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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL acknowledgement String Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes.  A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \\n\\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels.  In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training,  education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_email String kgorman at sfu.ca
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_name String Kristen Gorman
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role String PrincipalInvestigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role_vocabulary String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_sector String academic
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_dataset_id String 226
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_id String 226
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_label String Isotopic niche - chick Pygoscelis penguins (5 weeks)
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_name String IsotopicnichechickPygoscelispenguins5weeks
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2022-03-16T01:15:52Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_issued String 2022-03-16T01:15:52Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String null
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultGraphQuery String time%2Cratio_of_13c_to_12c%2C&.draw=markers&.marker=6%7C5&.color=0x000000&.colorBar=%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_crs String EPSG:4326
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs String EPSG:5831
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degree_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degree_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_positive String down
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_units String EPSG:5831
attribute NC_GLOBAL history String /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_226/dat_226_PAL0910.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String biology, birds, isotopes
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String LTER Controlled Vocabulary
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/) (external link). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the \"Data User\") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute NC_GLOBAL license_link String https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL methods String General Methods: Each season, at five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries to obtain blood samples used for stable isotope analyses.At the time of capture, each chick penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle. Collected blood was stored in 1.5 ml micro-centrifuge tubes that were kept cool.\\n\\nNote: Data presented here are raw data only and do not include any derived data products.\\t\\t
attribute NC_GLOBAL naming_authority String edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute NC_GLOBAL product_version String 1.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL program String LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Palmer LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL references String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL sea_name String Southern Ocean
attribute NC_GLOBAL source String /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_226/dat_226_PAL0809.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute NC_GLOBAL subsetVariables String study_name, species
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (<= ~500 µl for day five chicks, and <= ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks at Charcot Island, sampled during one season only on 25 January 2010, were handled three days after Anvers Island and Avian Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled that year, i.e., 22 January 2010. Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_end String 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_start String 2008-01-28T00:00:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String Isotopic signatures of diet provisioned to 5 week old chick Pygoscelis penguins reared along the western Antarctic Peninsula, 2007-2009
variable time double
attribute time _CoordinateAxisType String Time
attribute time actual_range double 1.2014784E9, 1.2650688E9
attribute time axis String T
attribute time calendar String proleptic_gregorian
attribute time column_id long 4485
attribute time column_name String col_4485
attribute time ioos_category String Time
attribute time long_name String Date Week 5 Chicks Observed
attribute time lter_column_description String Date chicks observed at 5 weeks of age (sampled)
attribute time lter_column_name String Date Week 5
attribute time lter_mscale String dateTime
attribute time standard_name String time
attribute time time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute time units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable study_name String
attribute study_name column_name String studyName
attribute study_name comment String Study Name
attribute study_name ioos_category String Unknown
attribute study_name long_name String Study
variable sample_number short
attribute sample_number _FillValue short 32767
attribute sample_number actual_range short 1, 222
attribute sample_number colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute sample_number colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute sample_number column_id long 4478
attribute sample_number column_name String col_4478
attribute sample_number ioos_category String Statistics
attribute sample_number long_name String Sample Number
attribute sample_number lter_column_description String Continuous numbering sequence for each sample
attribute sample_number lter_column_name String Sample Number
attribute sample_number lter_mscale String interval
attribute sample_number lter_num_type String integer
attribute sample_number lter_units_string String number
attribute sample_number units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable species_sample_number short
attribute species_sample_number _FillValue short 32767
attribute species_sample_number actual_range short 1, 135
attribute species_sample_number colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute species_sample_number colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute species_sample_number column_id long 4479
attribute species_sample_number column_name String col_4479
attribute species_sample_number ioos_category String Statistics
attribute species_sample_number long_name String Species Sample Number
attribute species_sample_number lter_column_description String Continuous numbering sequence for each sample within species
attribute species_sample_number lter_column_name String Sample Number (Species)
attribute species_sample_number lter_mscale String interval
attribute species_sample_number lter_num_type String integer
attribute species_sample_number lter_units_string String number
attribute species_sample_number units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable species String
attribute species column_id long 4480
attribute species column_name String col_4480
attribute species ioos_category String Taxonomy
attribute species long_name String Penguin Type
attribute species lter_column_description String Common and scientific name for the species these data represent
attribute species lter_column_name String Species
attribute species lter_mscale String nominal
variable region String
attribute region column_id long 4481
attribute region column_name String col_4481
attribute region ioos_category String Location
attribute region long_name String Palmer Grid Region
attribute region lter_column_description String Region of PAL-LTER grid
attribute region lter_column_name String Region
attribute region lter_mscale String nominal
variable island_name String
attribute island_name column_id long 4482
attribute island_name column_name String col_4482
attribute island_name ioos_category String Unknown
attribute island_name long_name String Island
attribute island_name lter_column_description String Island near Palmer Station where samples were collected
attribute island_name lter_column_name String Island
attribute island_name lter_mscale String nominal
variable reproductive_stage String
attribute reproductive_stage column_id long 4483
attribute reproductive_stage column_name String col_4483
attribute reproductive_stage ioos_category String Biology
attribute reproductive_stage long_name String Reproductive Stage
attribute reproductive_stage lter_column_description String Reproductive stage at sampling
attribute reproductive_stage lter_column_name String Stage
attribute reproductive_stage lter_mscale String nominal
variable individual_id String
attribute individual_id column_id long 4484
attribute individual_id column_name String col_4484
attribute individual_id ioos_category String Identifier
attribute individual_id long_name String Individual ID
attribute individual_id lter_column_description String A unique ID for each individual in the dataset
attribute individual_id lter_column_name String Individual ID
attribute individual_id lter_mscale String nominal
variable ratio_of_15n_to_14n double
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n actual_range double 6.53209, 9.38181
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n column_id long 4486
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n column_name String col_4486
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n ioos_category String Unknown
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n long_name String 15N:14N Ratio
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n lter_column_description String a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 15N:14N
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n lter_column_name String Delta 15 N
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n lter_mscale String ratio
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n lter_num_type String real
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n lter_units String o/oo
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n lter_units_string String permil
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n units String percent
attribute ratio_of_15n_to_14n units_conventions String SBC-LTER
variable ratio_of_13c_to_12c double
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c actual_range double -28.2076, -22.79486
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c column_id long 4487
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c column_name String col_4487
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c ioos_category String Unknown
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c long_name String 13C:12C Ratio
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c lter_column_description String a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 13C:12C
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c lter_column_name String Delta 13 C
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c lter_mscale String ratio
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c lter_num_type String real
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c lter_units String o/oo
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c lter_units_string String permil
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c units String percent
attribute ratio_of_13c_to_12c units_conventions String SBC-LTER
variable comments String
attribute comments column_id long 4488
attribute comments column_name String col_4488
attribute comments ioos_category String Unknown
attribute comments long_name String Notes
attribute comments lter_column_description String Text field to provide additional relevant information for data
attribute comments lter_column_name String Comments
attribute comments lter_mscale String nominal

 
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