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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL acknowledgement String Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes.  A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \\n\\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels.  In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training,  education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_email String mstukel at fsu.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_name String Mike Stukel
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role String PrincipalInvestigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role_vocabulary String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_sector String academic
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_dataset_id String 275
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_id String 278
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_label String Watercolumn Th-234 (Cruise)
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_name String Thorium 234
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2022-03-29T13:20:30Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_issued String 2022-03-29T13:20:30Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/177f165bfb3f1fa08b95ae26133806d2 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_crs String EPSG:4326
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs String EPSG:5831
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degree_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degree_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_max double 2030.433
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_min double -0.847
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_positive String down
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_units String m
attribute NC_GLOBAL history String /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_278/dat_278.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String carbon, carbon cycling, carbon flux, decay rates, particulates
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String LTER Controlled Vocabulary
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/) (external link). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the \"Data User\") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute NC_GLOBAL license_link String https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL methods String General Methods: Total watercolumn Th-234 was measured using standard small volume methods (Pike et al. 2005). Briefly, 4-L was collected by Niskin bottle (typically from 8 depths spanning the upper 200 m) on Palmer LTER January Survey Cruises aboard the L. M. Gould.  Samples were acidified with nitric acid to pH <2, then spiked with a tracer of Th-230. Samples were allowed to equilibrate for 4-9 hours, then NH4OH was added to bring samples to a pH of 8-9. MnCl2 and KMnO4 were added to bottles and thorium was precipitated onto manganese oxide. Samples were then filtered at high pressure through a quartz (QMA) filter. Filters were dried and mounted in RISO sample holders prior to being counted on a RISO GM beta multi-counter. Samples were counted again after >6 half-lives to determine background radioactivity levels. Manganese oxide was then dissolved from the filters in a nitric acid / hydrogen peroxide solution, and immediately spiked with Th-229. Column chromatography was then performed (using AG-1X8 resin) to purify thorium.  Solution was then evaporated so samples could be taken up in dilute nitric acid for ICP-MS analysis of the Th-229:Th-230 ratio at the WHOI Analytical Facility or National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. U-238 was determined from salinity using the equations of Owens et al. (2011).  See Stukel et al. (2015) for more details.
attribute NC_GLOBAL naming_authority String edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute NC_GLOBAL product_version String 1.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL program String LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Palmer LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL references String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link),Pike, S. M., K. O. Buesseler, J. Andrews, and N. Savoye. 2005. Quantification of 234Th recovery in small volume sea water samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 263: 355-360.\\n,Stukel, M. R. and others 2015. The imbalance of new and export production in the Western Antarctic Peninsula, a potentially \"leaky\" ecosystem. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle 29: 1400-1420.\\n
attribute NC_GLOBAL sea_name String Southern Ocean
attribute NC_GLOBAL source String /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_278/dat_278.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Total watercolumn Th-234 was determined at stations in the Palmer Station Antarctica LTER sampling grid from Jan 2012 - Jan 2014 (see Stukel et al. 2015, GBC for methods details). Th-234 can be used as a tracer for particle cycling in the upper water column. To compute carbon export from this Th-234 data please see the C:Th-234 ratio discussion in the supplement to Ducklow et al., (in review, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A).
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_end String 2014-01-27T10:32:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_start String 2012-01-05T06:00:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String Watercolumn total Th-234 from samples collected aboard Palmer Station Antarctica LTER annual cruises off the western antarctic peninsula, 2012-2014
variable time double
attribute time _CoordinateAxisType String Time
attribute time actual_range double 1.3257432E9, 1.39081872E9
attribute time axis String T
attribute time calendar String proleptic_gregorian
attribute time column_id long 5410
attribute time column_name String col_5410
attribute time ioos_category String Time
attribute time long_name String Time
attribute time lter_column_description String Sample collection date and time, CLST
attribute time lter_column_name String Collection Date and Time
attribute time lter_mscale String dateTime
attribute time standard_name String time
attribute time time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute time units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable depth double
attribute depth _CoordinateAxisType String Height
attribute depth _CoordinateZisPositive String down
attribute depth _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute depth actual_range double -0.847, 2030.433
attribute depth axis String Z
attribute depth colorBarMaximum double 8000.0
attribute depth colorBarMinimum double -8000.0
attribute depth colorBarPalette String TopographyDepth
attribute depth column_id long 5412
attribute depth column_name String col_5412
attribute depth ioos_category String Location
attribute depth long_name String Depth
attribute depth lter_column_description String Sample collection depth
attribute depth lter_column_name String Depth
attribute depth lter_mscale String ratio
attribute depth lter_num_type String real
attribute depth lter_units String m
attribute depth lter_units_string String meter
attribute depth positive String down
attribute depth standard_name String depth
attribute depth units String m
attribute depth units_conventions String AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable salinity double
attribute salinity _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute salinity actual_range double 32.254, 34.7174
attribute salinity colorBarMaximum double 37.0
attribute salinity colorBarMinimum double 32.0
attribute salinity column_id long 5413
attribute salinity column_name String col_5413
attribute salinity ioos_category String Salinity
attribute salinity long_name String Sea Water Practical Salinity
attribute salinity lter_column_description String Salinity measurement
attribute salinity lter_column_name String Salinity
attribute salinity lter_mscale String ratio
attribute salinity lter_num_type String real
attribute salinity lter_units String PSU
attribute salinity lter_units_string String practicalSalinityUnit
attribute salinity standard_name String sea_water_practical_salinity
attribute salinity units String 1
attribute salinity units_conventions String MCM-LTER,PAL-LTER
variable th234_activity double
attribute th234_activity _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute th234_activity actual_range double 0.0, 3.450206546
attribute th234_activity column_id long 5414
attribute th234_activity column_name String col_5414
attribute th234_activity ioos_category String Unknown
attribute th234_activity long_name String Th234 Activity
attribute th234_activity lter_column_description String Water column Th-234 activity (decays per minute) determined by beta counting, following Pike et al. (2006)
attribute th234_activity lter_column_name String Th-234 Activity
attribute th234_activity lter_mscale String ratio
attribute th234_activity lter_num_type String real
attribute th234_activity lter_units String decay/min/L
attribute th234_activity lter_units_string String decaysPerMinutePerLiter
attribute th234_activity units_conventions String NTL-LTER
variable th234_activity_error double
attribute th234_activity_error _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute th234_activity_error actual_range double 0.0, 0.503109277
attribute th234_activity_error colorBarMaximum double 50.0
attribute th234_activity_error colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute th234_activity_error column_id long 5415
attribute th234_activity_error column_name String col_5415
attribute th234_activity_error ioos_category String Statistics
attribute th234_activity_error long_name String Th234 Activity Error
attribute th234_activity_error lter_column_description String Standard error of Th-234 Activity
attribute th234_activity_error lter_column_name String Th-234 Activity Error
attribute th234_activity_error lter_mscale String ratio
attribute th234_activity_error lter_num_type String real
attribute th234_activity_error lter_units String decay/min/L
attribute th234_activity_error lter_units_string String decaysPerMinutePerLiter
attribute th234_activity_error units_conventions String NTL-LTER
variable deficiency double
attribute deficiency _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute deficiency actual_range double -1.065406546, 2.289497143
attribute deficiency column_id long 5416
attribute deficiency column_name String col_5416
attribute deficiency ioos_category String Unknown
attribute deficiency long_name String Deficiency
attribute deficiency lter_column_description String U-238 Activity minus Th-234 Activity
attribute deficiency lter_column_name String Deficiency
attribute deficiency lter_mscale String ratio
attribute deficiency lter_num_type String real
attribute deficiency lter_units String decay/min/L
attribute deficiency lter_units_string String decaysPerMinutePerLiter
attribute deficiency units_conventions String NTL-LTER
variable deficiency_error double
attribute deficiency_error _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute deficiency_error actual_range double 0.0, 0.505299856
attribute deficiency_error colorBarMaximum double 50.0
attribute deficiency_error colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute deficiency_error column_id long 5417
attribute deficiency_error column_name String col_5417
attribute deficiency_error ioos_category String Statistics
attribute deficiency_error long_name String Deficiency Error
attribute deficiency_error lter_column_description String Standard error of deficiency
attribute deficiency_error lter_column_name String Deficiency Error
attribute deficiency_error lter_mscale String ratio
attribute deficiency_error lter_num_type String real
attribute deficiency_error lter_units String decay/min/L
attribute deficiency_error lter_units_string String decaysPerMinutePerLiter
attribute deficiency_error units_conventions String NTL-LTER
variable station String
attribute station column_id long 5411
attribute station column_name String col_5411
attribute station ioos_category String Identifier
attribute station long_name String Station
attribute station lter_column_description String Palmer LTER sampling grid station
attribute station lter_column_name String Station
attribute station lter_mscale String nominal
variable cast_number short
attribute cast_number _FillValue short 32767
attribute cast_number actual_range short 1, 69
attribute cast_number colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute cast_number colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute cast_number column_id long 5418
attribute cast_number column_name String col_5418
attribute cast_number ioos_category String Statistics
attribute cast_number long_name String Cast Number
attribute cast_number lter_column_description String CTD cast number
attribute cast_number lter_column_name String Cast
attribute cast_number lter_mscale String nominal
variable bottle_number short
attribute bottle_number _FillValue short 32767
attribute bottle_number actual_range short 1, 91
attribute bottle_number colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute bottle_number colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute bottle_number column_id long 5419
attribute bottle_number column_name String col_5419
attribute bottle_number ioos_category String Statistics
attribute bottle_number long_name String Bottle Number
attribute bottle_number lter_column_description String Niskin bottle number
attribute bottle_number lter_column_name String Niskin
attribute bottle_number lter_mscale String nominal

 
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