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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL _NCProperties String version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.6
attribute NC_GLOBAL acknowledgement String Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Trajectory
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_trajectory_variables String study_name
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes.  A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \\n\\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels.  In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training,  education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_email String bfraser at 3rivers.net
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_name String William Fraser
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role String PrincipalInvestigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role_vocabulary String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_sector String academic
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_dataset_id String 99
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_id String 99
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_label String Bird Census Stationary - Winter
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_name String BirdCensusStationaryWinter
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2021-09-03T15:01:47Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_issued String 2021-09-03T15:01:47Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String null
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultGraphQuery String longitude%2Clatitude%2Ctime&.draw=markers&.marker=6%7C5&.color=0x000000&.colorBar=%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/49cb82262ed4e46a2f3f0ec4f1c19e87 (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Easternmost_Easting double -64.38333
attribute NC_GLOBAL featureType String Trajectory
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_crs String EPSG:4326
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs String EPSG:5831
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_max double -63.95667
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_min double -69.41983
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degrees_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_max double -64.38333
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_min double -79.48533
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degrees_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_max double 3059.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_min double 0.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_positive String down
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_units String m
attribute NC_GLOBAL history String /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_99/dat_99_PD93-08.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String birds, habitats, mammals, marine, Population Studies, populations, taxonomy
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String LTER Core Areas,LTER Controlled Vocabulary
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/) (external link). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the \"Data User\") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute NC_GLOBAL license_link String https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL methods String Frequency: Stationary censuses, twice at each station
attribute NC_GLOBAL naming_authority String edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute NC_GLOBAL Northernmost_Northing double -63.95667
attribute NC_GLOBAL product_version String 1.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL program String LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Palmer LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL references String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL sea_name String Southern Ocean
attribute NC_GLOBAL source String /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_99/dat_99_PD93-08.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Southernmost_Northing double -69.41983
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute NC_GLOBAL subsetVariables String study_name
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar.  These objectives included 1) determining the pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations being studied as part of land-based  work at Palmer Station.  Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER study area.  The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat,which required sampling at smaller scales.  All seabird censuses were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals.  The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects spaced at 45-60 minute intervals.  There were no stops at the 10km stations during this Fast Grid phase.  Upon completion of the Fast Grid, a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours.  From January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated.  During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km.  All seabird censusesduring the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in theprevious paragraph.
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_end String 2001-10-22T16:05:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_start String 1993-08-30T12:51:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, 1999 and 2001.
attribute NC_GLOBAL Westernmost_Easting double -79.48533
variable event long
attribute event _FillValue long 9223372036854775807
attribute event actual_range long 8, 436
attribute event column_id long 1456
attribute event column_name String col_1456
attribute event ioos_category String Unknown
attribute event long_name String Event
attribute event lter_column_description String sequence of cruise happenings ordered by time
attribute event lter_column_name String Event Number
attribute event lter_mscale String interval
attribute event lter_num_type String real
attribute event lter_units_string String number
attribute event units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable cruise_id long
attribute cruise_id _FillValue long 9223372036854775807
attribute cruise_id actual_range long 105, 9906
attribute cruise_id ancillary_variables String study_name
attribute cruise_id column_id long 1457
attribute cruise_id column_name String col_1457
attribute cruise_id comment String Cruise identifier
attribute cruise_id ioos_category String Identifier
attribute cruise_id long_name String Cruise Id
attribute cruise_id lter_column_description String cruiseName
attribute cruise_id lter_column_name String Cruise Name
attribute cruise_id lter_mscale String nominal
variable study_name String
attribute study_name cf_role String trajectory_id
attribute study_name column_name String studyName
attribute study_name comment String Cruise name
attribute study_name ioos_category String Identifier
attribute study_name long_name String Study
variable depth double
attribute depth _CoordinateAxisType String Height
attribute depth _CoordinateZisPositive String down
attribute depth _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute depth actual_range double 0.0, 3059.0
attribute depth axis String Z
attribute depth colorBarMaximum double 8000.0
attribute depth colorBarMinimum double -8000.0
attribute depth colorBarPalette String TopographyDepth
attribute depth column_id long 1462
attribute depth column_name String col_1462
attribute depth ioos_category String Location
attribute depth long_name String Depth
attribute depth lter_column_description String measurement or sample collection distance from water column surface
attribute depth lter_column_name String Depth
attribute depth lter_mscale String ratio
attribute depth lter_num_type String real
attribute depth lter_units String m
attribute depth lter_units_string String meter
attribute depth positive String down
attribute depth standard_name String depth
attribute depth units String m
attribute depth units_conventions String AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable latitude double
attribute latitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lat
attribute latitude _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute latitude actual_range double -69.41983, -63.95667
attribute latitude axis String Y
attribute latitude colorBarMaximum double 90.0
attribute latitude colorBarMinimum double -90.0
attribute latitude column_id long 1463
attribute latitude column_name String col_1463
attribute latitude ioos_category String Location
attribute latitude long_name String Latitude
attribute latitude lter_column_description String latitude measured from the equator in decimal degrees, South is negative
attribute latitude lter_column_name String Latitude Dec.
attribute latitude lter_mscale String ratio
attribute latitude lter_num_type String real
attribute latitude lter_units String º
attribute latitude lter_units_string String degree
attribute latitude standard_name String latitude
attribute latitude units String degrees_north
attribute latitude units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable longitude double
attribute longitude _CoordinateAxisType String Lon
attribute longitude _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute longitude actual_range double -79.48533, -64.38333
attribute longitude axis String X
attribute longitude colorBarMaximum double 180.0
attribute longitude colorBarMinimum double -180.0
attribute longitude column_id long 1464
attribute longitude column_name String col_1464
attribute longitude ioos_category String Location
attribute longitude long_name String Longitude
attribute longitude lter_column_description String longitude measured from the Prime Meridian in decimal degrees, West is negative
attribute longitude lter_column_name String Longitude Dec.
attribute longitude lter_mscale String ratio
attribute longitude lter_num_type String real
attribute longitude lter_units String º
attribute longitude lter_units_string String degree
attribute longitude standard_name String longitude
attribute longitude units String degrees_east
attribute longitude units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable time double
attribute time _CoordinateAxisType String Time
attribute time actual_range double 7.4671506E8, 1.0037667E9
attribute time axis String T
attribute time calendar String proleptic_gregorian
attribute time column_id long 1458
attribute time column_name String col_1458
attribute time ioos_category String Time
attribute time long_name String Time
attribute time lter_column_description String date and time
attribute time lter_column_name String Datetime GMT
attribute time lter_mscale String dateTime
attribute time standard_name String time
attribute time time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute time units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable station double
attribute station _FillValue double NaN
attribute station actual_range double 100.04, 600.2
attribute station column_id long 1459
attribute station column_name String col_1459
attribute station ioos_category String Identifier
attribute station long_name String Station
attribute station lter_column_description String Palmer LTER grid station
attribute station lter_column_name String Station Name
attribute station lter_mscale String nominal
variable grid_line double
attribute grid_line _FillValue double NaN
attribute grid_line actual_range double -218.008, 601.909
attribute grid_line column_id long 1460
attribute grid_line column_name String col_1460
attribute grid_line ioos_category String Unknown
attribute grid_line long_name String Grid Line
attribute grid_line lter_column_description String Calculation of grid line from a latitude-longitude value pair.
attribute grid_line lter_column_name String Grid Line calc
attribute grid_line lter_mscale String ratio
attribute grid_line lter_num_type String real
attribute grid_line lter_units String km
attribute grid_line lter_units_string String kilometer
attribute grid_line units String km
attribute grid_line units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable grid_station double
attribute grid_station _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute grid_station actual_range double -43.437, 200.561
attribute grid_station column_id long 1461
attribute grid_station column_name String col_1461
attribute grid_station ioos_category String Unknown
attribute grid_station long_name String Grid Station
attribute grid_station lter_column_description String Calculation of grid station from a latitude-longitude value pair.
attribute grid_station lter_column_name String Grid Station calc
attribute grid_station lter_mscale String ratio
attribute grid_station lter_num_type String real
attribute grid_station lter_units String km
attribute grid_station lter_units_string String kilometer
attribute grid_station units String km
attribute grid_station units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable sea_state long
attribute sea_state _FillValue long 9223372036854775807
attribute sea_state actual_range long 0, 6
attribute sea_state column_id long 1465
attribute sea_state column_name String col_1465
attribute sea_state ioos_category String Location
attribute sea_state long_name String Sea State
attribute sea_state lter_column_description String Beaufort scale sea state
attribute sea_state lter_column_name String Sea State
attribute sea_state lter_mscale String nominal
variable salinity double
attribute salinity _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute salinity colorBarMaximum double 37.0
attribute salinity colorBarMinimum double 32.0
attribute salinity column_id long 1466
attribute salinity column_name String col_1466
attribute salinity ioos_category String Salinity
attribute salinity long_name String Sea Water Practical Salinity
attribute salinity lter_column_description String salinity, PSS-78
attribute salinity lter_column_name String Salinity
attribute salinity lter_mscale String ratio
attribute salinity lter_num_type String real
attribute salinity lter_units String PSU
attribute salinity lter_units_string String practicalSalinityUnit
attribute salinity standard_name String sea_water_practical_salinity
attribute salinity units String 1
attribute salinity units_conventions String MCM-LTER,PAL-LTER
variable chlorophyll_a double
attribute chlorophyll_a _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute chlorophyll_a colorBarMaximum double 30.0
attribute chlorophyll_a colorBarMinimum double 0.03
attribute chlorophyll_a colorBarScale String Log
attribute chlorophyll_a column_id long 1467
attribute chlorophyll_a column_name String col_1467
attribute chlorophyll_a ioos_category String Ocean Color
attribute chlorophyll_a long_name String Mass Concentration Of Chlorophyll A In Sea Water
attribute chlorophyll_a lter_column_description String fluorescence
attribute chlorophyll_a lter_column_name String Fluorometry
attribute chlorophyll_a lter_mscale String ratio
attribute chlorophyll_a lter_num_type String real
attribute chlorophyll_a lter_units String mg/m³
attribute chlorophyll_a lter_units_string String milligramPerMeterCubed
attribute chlorophyll_a standard_name String mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_a_in_sea_water
attribute chlorophyll_a units String mg m-3
attribute chlorophyll_a units_conventions String EML-LTER
variable wind_speed double
attribute wind_speed _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute wind_speed colorBarMaximum double 15.0
attribute wind_speed colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute wind_speed column_id long 1468
attribute wind_speed column_name String col_1468
attribute wind_speed ioos_category String Wind
attribute wind_speed long_name String Wind Speed
attribute wind_speed lter_column_description String Wind speed
attribute wind_speed lter_column_name String Wind Speed
attribute wind_speed lter_mscale String ratio
attribute wind_speed lter_num_type String real
attribute wind_speed lter_units_string String knot
attribute wind_speed standard_name String wind_speed
attribute wind_speed units String m s-1
attribute wind_speed units_conventions String EML-LTER
variable wind_direction double
attribute wind_direction _FillValue double NaN
attribute wind_direction colorBarMaximum double 360.0
attribute wind_direction colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute wind_direction column_id long 1469
attribute wind_direction column_name String col_1469
attribute wind_direction ioos_category String Wind
attribute wind_direction long_name String Wind To Direction
attribute wind_direction lter_column_description String WMO defined wind direction
attribute wind_direction lter_column_name String Wind Direction
attribute wind_direction lter_mscale String nominal
attribute wind_direction missing_value double NaN
attribute wind_direction standard_name String wind_to_direction
variable habitat byte
attribute habitat _FillValue byte 127
attribute habitat actual_range byte 0, 5
attribute habitat column_id long 1470
attribute habitat column_name String col_1470
attribute habitat ioos_category String Unknown
attribute habitat long_name String Habitat
attribute habitat lter_column_description String PAL LTER habitat
attribute habitat lter_column_name String Habitat
attribute habitat lter_mscale String nominal
variable ice_cover byte
attribute ice_cover _FillValue byte 127
attribute ice_cover actual_range byte 0, 8
attribute ice_cover column_id long 1471
attribute ice_cover column_name String col_1471
attribute ice_cover ioos_category String Ice Distribution
attribute ice_cover long_name String Ice Cover
attribute ice_cover lter_column_description String PAL LTER ice cover
attribute ice_cover lter_column_name String Ice Cover
attribute ice_cover lter_mscale String nominal
variable ice_type byte
attribute ice_type _FillValue byte 127
attribute ice_type actual_range byte 0, 4
attribute ice_type column_id long 1472
attribute ice_type column_name String col_1472
attribute ice_type ioos_category String Ice Distribution
attribute ice_type long_name String Ice Type
attribute ice_type lter_column_description String PAL LTER ice type
attribute ice_type lter_column_name String Ice Type
attribute ice_type lter_mscale String nominal
variable ice_color byte
attribute ice_color _FillValue byte 127
attribute ice_color actual_range byte 0, 3
attribute ice_color column_id long 1473
attribute ice_color column_name String col_1473
attribute ice_color ioos_category String Ice Distribution
attribute ice_color long_name String Ice Color
attribute ice_color lter_column_description String PAL LTER ice color
attribute ice_color lter_column_name String Ice Color
attribute ice_color lter_mscale String nominal
variable sample_minutes_from_start byte
attribute sample_minutes_from_start _FillValue byte 127
attribute sample_minutes_from_start actual_range byte 0, 15
attribute sample_minutes_from_start column_id long 1474
attribute sample_minutes_from_start column_name String col_1474
attribute sample_minutes_from_start ioos_category String Time
attribute sample_minutes_from_start long_name String Sample Minutes From Start
attribute sample_minutes_from_start lter_column_description String Minutes from start at which sample, measurement, or observation was taken
attribute sample_minutes_from_start lter_column_name String Count Minute
attribute sample_minutes_from_start lter_mscale String interval
attribute sample_minutes_from_start lter_num_type String real
attribute sample_minutes_from_start lter_units String min
attribute sample_minutes_from_start lter_units_string String minute
attribute sample_minutes_from_start units String minutes
attribute sample_minutes_from_start units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable species_code String
attribute species_code column_id long 1475
attribute species_code column_name String col_1475
attribute species_code ioos_category String Taxonomy
attribute species_code long_name String Species Code
attribute species_code lter_column_description String Species of organism code
attribute species_code lter_column_name String Species
attribute species_code lter_mscale String nominal
variable number_items byte
attribute number_items _FillValue byte 127
attribute number_items actual_range byte 0, 100
attribute number_items colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute number_items colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute number_items column_id long 1476
attribute number_items column_name String col_1476
attribute number_items ioos_category String Statistics
attribute number_items long_name String Number Items
attribute number_items lter_column_description String From the set of non-negative integers {0,1,2,...}, the number of items.
attribute number_items lter_column_name String Number
attribute number_items lter_mscale String interval
attribute number_items lter_num_type String integer
attribute number_items lter_units_string String number
attribute number_items units String 1
attribute number_items units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable num_linkages byte
attribute num_linkages _FillValue byte 127
attribute num_linkages actual_range byte 0, 0
attribute num_linkages column_id long 1477
attribute num_linkages column_name String col_1477
attribute num_linkages ioos_category String Unknown
attribute num_linkages long_name String Num Linkages
attribute num_linkages lter_column_description String From the set of non-negative integers {0,1,2,...}, the number of items.
attribute num_linkages lter_column_name String Linkages
attribute num_linkages lter_mscale String interval
attribute num_linkages lter_num_type String integer
attribute num_linkages lter_units_string String number
attribute num_linkages units String 1
attribute num_linkages units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable behavior byte
attribute behavior _FillValue byte 127
attribute behavior actual_range byte 0, 6
attribute behavior column_id long 1478
attribute behavior column_name String col_1478
attribute behavior ioos_category String Unknown
attribute behavior long_name String Behavior
attribute behavior lter_column_description String Behavior of organism
attribute behavior lter_column_name String Behavior
attribute behavior lter_mscale String nominal
variable direction double
attribute direction _FillValue double NaN
attribute direction colorBarMaximum double 360.0
attribute direction colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute direction column_id long 1479
attribute direction column_name String col_1479
attribute direction ioos_category String Currents
attribute direction long_name String Direction
attribute direction lter_column_description String orientation based on compass points
attribute direction lter_column_name String Direction
attribute direction lter_mscale String nominal
attribute direction missing_value double NaN
variable notes String
attribute notes column_id long 1480
attribute notes column_name String col_1480
attribute notes ioos_category String Unknown
attribute notes long_name String Notes
attribute notes lter_column_description String text field to describe a log entry (ex. event log)
attribute notes lter_column_name String Notes
attribute notes lter_mscale String nominal

 
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