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Row Type Variable Name Attribute Name Data Type Value
attribute NC_GLOBAL _NCProperties String version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.6
attribute NC_GLOBAL acknowledgement String Funding and support provided by the National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL cdm_data_type String Other
attribute NC_GLOBAL comment String The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes.  A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \\n\\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels.  In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training,  education and outreach are an integral part of the program.
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_email String bfraser at 3rivers.net
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_name String William Fraser
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role String PrincipalInvestigator
attribute NC_GLOBAL contributor_role_vocabulary String https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL Conventions String CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, COARDS
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_sector String academic
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL creator_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_dataset_id String 97
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_id String 97
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_label String Adelie Penguin Diet Composition, Fish
attribute NC_GLOBAL datazoo_datatable_name String AdeliePenguinDietFish
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_created String 2021-09-03T14:08:40Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL date_issued String 2021-09-03T14:08:40Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultDataQuery String null
attribute NC_GLOBAL defaultGraphQuery String time%2Cnum_fish%2Cevidence_size&.draw=markers&.marker=6%7C5&.color=0x000000&.colorBar=%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff
attribute NC_GLOBAL doi String https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/455261b456b741b2b34074def89451df (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_crs String EPSG:4326
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs String EPSG:5831
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lat_units String degree_north
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_resolution String 0.00001 degree
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_lon_units String degree_east
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_positive String down
attribute NC_GLOBAL geospatial_vertical_units String EPSG:5831
attribute NC_GLOBAL history String data_pallter_oi_datazoo_datatables.dat_97
attribute NC_GLOBAL infoUrl String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL institution String National Science Foundation
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords String birds, fishes, habitats, marine, Population Studies, taxonomy
attribute NC_GLOBAL keywords_vocabulary String LTER Controlled Vocabulary,LTER Core Areas
attribute NC_GLOBAL license String All data contained herein is licensed under the LTER Network Data Access Policy (https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/) (external link). In accordance with scientific publishing conventions and professional etiquette, the consumer of these data (the \"Data User\") is expected to appropriately cite these data in any publication that results from their use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur and should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the data authors. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \"as is.\" The Data User should be aware that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.
attribute NC_GLOBAL license_link String https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL naming_authority String edu.rutgers.rucool
attribute NC_GLOBAL product_version String 1.0
attribute NC_GLOBAL program String LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL project String Palmer LTER
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_country String USA
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_email String kerfoot at marine.rutgers.edu
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_institution String Rutgers University
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_name String John Kerfoot
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_type String person
attribute NC_GLOBAL publisher_url String https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL references String https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link)
attribute NC_GLOBAL sea_name String Southern Ocean
attribute NC_GLOBAL source String /Users/kerfoot/data/lter/data/tsv/dat_97/dat_97_PAL1617.tsv
attribute NC_GLOBAL sourceUrl String (local files)
attribute NC_GLOBAL standard_name_vocabulary String CF Standard Name Table v77
attribute NC_GLOBAL subsetVariables String study_name
attribute NC_GLOBAL summary String Adelie penguin diet composition, fish species and numbers, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations.  Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice.  Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former.  Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem.  In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series.     \\n\\n\\nFish occur frequently in Adélie penguin diets but rarely as whole specimens, hence recording their presence in sorted subsamples (see DIET) is generally limited to noting the incidence of skin, flesh, bones, eyes and especially otoliths.  With the exception of otoliths, the weights of these items are obtained if warranted by the sample size.  Otoliths can be used to identify individual fish species, and in combination with regression equations based on otolith length and width, can also be used to reconstitute fish length and mass.  However, because the expertise needed to identify fish from otoliths does not exist within the PAL program, otolith identification is performed by off-site experts as time and funding allow.  This results in long lags between the time otoliths are collected and integrated with the appropriate databases, meaning that understanding the role of fish in Adélie penguin diets still remains a longer-term objective of PAL.   \\n
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_end String 2018-01-29T00:00:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL time_coverage_start String 1992-02-04T00:00:00Z
attribute NC_GLOBAL title String Adelie penguin diet composition, fish species and numbers, 1991, present.
variable study_name String
attribute study_name column_name String studyName
attribute study_name comment String Cruise name
attribute study_name ioos_category String Identifier
attribute study_name long_name String Study
variable time double
attribute time _CoordinateAxisType String Time
attribute time actual_range double 6.971616E8, 1.517184E9
attribute time axis String T
attribute time calendar String proleptic_gregorian
attribute time column_id long 1434
attribute time column_name String col_1434
attribute time ioos_category String Time
attribute time long_name String Time
attribute time lter_column_description String date and time
attribute time lter_column_name String Datetime GMT
attribute time lter_mscale String dateTime
attribute time standard_name String time
attribute time time_origin String 01-JAN-1970 00:00:00
attribute time units String seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
variable sample_number long
attribute sample_number _FillValue long 9223372036854775807
attribute sample_number actual_range long 7, 99033
attribute sample_number colorBarMaximum double 100.0
attribute sample_number colorBarMinimum double 0.0
attribute sample_number column_id long 1435
attribute sample_number column_name String col_1435
attribute sample_number ioos_category String Statistics
attribute sample_number long_name String Sample Number
attribute sample_number lter_column_description String record number of a sampling event
attribute sample_number lter_column_name String Sample Number
attribute sample_number lter_mscale String interval
attribute sample_number lter_num_type String natural
attribute sample_number lter_units_string String number
attribute sample_number units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable source String
attribute source column_id long 1436
attribute source column_name String col_1436
attribute source ioos_category String Unknown
attribute source long_name String Source
attribute source lter_column_description String code representing the segment of an organism's digestive process from which a prey sample is retrived
attribute source lter_column_name String Source
attribute source lter_mscale String nominal
variable prey_type String
attribute prey_type column_id long 1437
attribute prey_type column_name String col_1437
attribute prey_type ioos_category String Ecology
attribute prey_type long_name String Prey Type
attribute prey_type lter_column_description String code representing the type of prey retrieved from an organism's digestive system
attribute prey_type lter_column_name String Prey Type
attribute prey_type lter_mscale String nominal
variable species_code String
attribute species_code column_id long 1438
attribute species_code column_name String col_1438
attribute species_code ioos_category String Taxonomy
attribute species_code long_name String Species Code
attribute species_code lter_column_description String a string representing the species of an organism
attribute species_code lter_column_name String Species
attribute species_code lter_mscale String nominal
variable evidence_code String
attribute evidence_code column_id long 1439
attribute evidence_code column_name String col_1439
attribute evidence_code ioos_category String Unknown
attribute evidence_code long_name String Evidence Code
attribute evidence_code lter_column_description String a code representing the type of prey evidence retrieved from an organism's digestive system
attribute evidence_code lter_column_name String Evidence
attribute evidence_code lter_mscale String nominal
variable num_fish byte
attribute num_fish _FillValue byte 127
attribute num_fish actual_range byte 0, 40
attribute num_fish column_id long 1440
attribute num_fish column_name String col_1440
attribute num_fish ioos_category String Unknown
attribute num_fish long_name String Num Fish
attribute num_fish lter_column_description String number of prey or prey evidence retrieved from an organism's digestive system
attribute num_fish lter_column_name String Number of Fish
attribute num_fish lter_mscale String ratio
attribute num_fish lter_num_type String real
attribute num_fish lter_units_string String number
attribute num_fish units String 1
attribute num_fish units_conventions String EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER
variable evidence_size double
attribute evidence_size _FillValue double 9.969209968386869E36
attribute evidence_size actual_range double 0.0, 60.0
attribute evidence_size column_id long 1441
attribute evidence_size column_name String col_1441
attribute evidence_size ioos_category String Unknown
attribute evidence_size long_name String Evidence Size
attribute evidence_size lter_column_description String length of prey retrieved from an organism's digestive system
attribute evidence_size lter_column_name String Evidence Size
attribute evidence_size lter_mscale String ratio
attribute evidence_size lter_num_type String real
attribute evidence_size lter_units String mm
attribute evidence_size lter_units_string String millimeter
attribute evidence_size units String mm
attribute evidence_size units_conventions String AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,MCR-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable evidence_weight byte
attribute evidence_weight _FillValue byte 127
attribute evidence_weight actual_range byte -120, 110
attribute evidence_weight column_id long 1442
attribute evidence_weight column_name String col_1442
attribute evidence_weight ioos_category String Unknown
attribute evidence_weight long_name String Evidence Weight
attribute evidence_weight lter_column_description String weight of prey retrieved from an organism's digestive system
attribute evidence_weight lter_column_name String Evidence Weight
attribute evidence_weight lter_mscale String ratio
attribute evidence_weight lter_num_type String real
attribute evidence_weight lter_units String g
attribute evidence_weight lter_units_string String gram
attribute evidence_weight units String grams
attribute evidence_weight units_conventions String AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable estimated_fish_length byte
attribute estimated_fish_length _FillValue byte 127
attribute estimated_fish_length actual_range byte 0, 56
attribute estimated_fish_length column_id long 1443
attribute estimated_fish_length column_name String col_1443
attribute estimated_fish_length ioos_category String Unknown
attribute estimated_fish_length long_name String Estimated Fish Length
attribute estimated_fish_length lter_column_description String length of an organism
attribute estimated_fish_length lter_column_name String Estimated Fish Length
attribute estimated_fish_length lter_mscale String ratio
attribute estimated_fish_length lter_num_type String real
attribute estimated_fish_length lter_units String mm
attribute estimated_fish_length lter_units_string String millimeter
attribute estimated_fish_length units String mm
attribute estimated_fish_length units_conventions String AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,MCR-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable estimated_fish_weight byte
attribute estimated_fish_weight _FillValue byte 127
attribute estimated_fish_weight actual_range byte 0, 20
attribute estimated_fish_weight column_id long 1444
attribute estimated_fish_weight column_name String col_1444
attribute estimated_fish_weight ioos_category String Unknown
attribute estimated_fish_weight long_name String Estimated Fish Weight
attribute estimated_fish_weight lter_column_description String weight of an organism
attribute estimated_fish_weight lter_column_name String Estimated Fish Weight
attribute estimated_fish_weight lter_mscale String ratio
attribute estimated_fish_weight lter_num_type String real
attribute estimated_fish_weight lter_units String g
attribute estimated_fish_weight lter_units_string String gram
attribute estimated_fish_weight units String grams
attribute estimated_fish_weight units_conventions String AND-LTER,BNZ-LTER,CDR-LTER,EML-2.0.1,EML-2.1.0,EML-LTER,LUQ-LTER,SGS-LTER
variable notes double
attribute notes _FillValue double NaN
attribute notes column_id long 4664
attribute notes column_name String col_4664
attribute notes ioos_category String Unknown
attribute notes long_name String Notes
attribute notes lter_column_description String Free text field for notes about data, sampling, etc.
attribute notes lter_column_name String Notes
attribute notes lter_mscale String nominal
attribute notes missing_value double NaN

 
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