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| griddap | Subset | tabledap | Make A Graph | wms | files | Title | Summary | FGDC | ISO 19115 | Info | Background Info | RSS | Institution | Dataset ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietFish.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietFish | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietFish.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinDietFish/ | Adelie penguin diet composition, fish species and numbers, 1991, present. | Adelie penguin diet composition, fish species and numbers, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\n\\nFish occur frequently in Adélie penguin diets but rarely as whole specimens, hence recording their presence in sorted subsamples (see DIET) is generally limited to noting the incidence of skin, flesh, bones, eyes and especially otoliths. With the exception of otoliths, the weights of these items are obtained if warranted by the sample size. Otoliths can be used to identify individual fish species, and in combination with regression equations based on otolith length and width, can also be used to reconstitute fish length and mass. However, because the expertise needed to identify fish from otoliths does not exist within the PAL program, otolith identification is performed by off-site experts as time and funding allow. This results in long lags between the time otoliths are collected and integrated with the appropriate databases, meaning that understanding the role of fish in Adélie penguin diets still remains a longer-term objective of PAL. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\n... (12 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinDietFish/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinDietFish.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinDietFish&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinDietFish | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba/ | Adelie penguin diet composition, krill size-frequency distribution, 1991, present. | Adelie penguin diet composition, krill size-frequency distribution, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\nThree species of krill occur in Adélie penguin diet samples, Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), crystal krill (E. crystallorophias) and Thysanoessa macrura (no common name), but beyond obtaining whole subsample weights following sorting (see DIET), only E. superba is subjected to further analysis. In this case, the original subsample from each individual penguin is searched with the objective of obtaining a minimum of 50 whole krill that when measured (in millimeters) provide an index of within and between season variability in population size-frequency distributions. These data have provided critical insights into a number of ecological processes, including in particular how sea ice affects krill recruitment and, in turn, how krill recruitment impacts Adélie penguin foraging efforts. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (12 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba/ | Adelie penguin diet composition, secondary prey items, 1991, present.\\t | Adelie penguin diet composition, secondary prey items, 1991 - present.\\t. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\nBesides krill and fish, a number of secondary prey items (see DIET) can be found in Adélie penguin diets, including octopus, squid, amphipods, mysid shrimp, limpets and small clams. One or more of these prey types may occur frequently in the samples, but very rarely in abundance, hence recorded metrics are limited to detailing the number of specimens observed and obtaining weights if warranted by the sample size. One exception concerns squid and octopus beaks, which like fish otoliths can be identified to species and the size and mass of individuals reconstituted based on regressions that use beak length to determine relational metrics. Like otoliths, beaks are also processed by experts outside PAL (see FISH), hence similar time lags exist in database integration. What role these less abundant prey items have in Adélie penguin diets is unknown, but paleoecological evidence suggests that squid in particular were once consumed much more frequently in the PAL region than they are now.\\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\n... (11 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietLog.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietLog | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietLog.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinDietLog/ | Adelie penguin diet metadata, 1991, present. | Adelie penguin diet metadata, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\n\\nAdélie penguin diet samples are obtained during the chick-rearing phase of the breeding season (January -February) using stomach lavage (water off-loading method). Five adult penguins are typically sampled every 5-7 days (weather permitting) during this period by capturing birds near their breeding colonies as they return from foraging in the evenings. Before lavaging, birds are weighed and measured to obtain an index of gender and condition, and are then released at the site where they were initially captured. Variability in adult condition within and between seasons provides an important index of foraging effort and other related metrics. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (Sample Date/Time, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nisland_name (Island)\ncolony_code (Colony)\n... (5 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinDietLog/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinDietLog.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinDietLog&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinDietLog | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15 | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15/ | Isotopic signatures of diet provisioned to 15 day old chick Pygoscelis penguins reared along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 | We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (<= ~500 µl for day five chicks, and <= ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks at Charcot Island, sampled during one season only on 25 January 2010, were handled three days after Anvers Island and Avian Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled that year, i.e., 22 January 2010. Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\ntime (Date Day 15 Chicks Observed, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (11 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15 | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5 | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5/ | Isotopic signatures of diet provisioned to 5 day old chick Pygoscelis penguins reared along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 | We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (<= ~500 µl for day five chicks, and <= ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks at Charcot Island, sampled during one season only on 25 January 2010, were handled three days after Anvers Island and Avian Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled that year, i.e., 22 January 2010. Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\ntime (Date Day 5 Chicks Observed, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (11 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5 | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks/ | Isotopic signatures of diet provisioned to 5 week old chick Pygoscelis penguins reared along the western Antarctic Peninsula, 2007-2009 | We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (<= ~500 µl for day five chicks, and <= ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks at Charcot Island, sampled during one season only on 25 January 2010, were handled three days after Anvers Island and Avian Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled that year, i.e., 22 January 2010. Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\ntime (Date Week 5 Chicks Observed, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (11 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins/ | Isotopic signatures of foraging among adult Pygoscelis penguins nesting along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 | We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (<= ~500 µl for day five chicks, and <= ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks at Charcot Island, sampled during one season only on 25 January 2010, were handled three days after Anvers Island and Avian Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled that year, i.e., 22 January 2010. Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (12 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents/ | Isotopic signatures of penguin food-web components along the western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009-2011 | We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (<= ~500 µl for day five chicks, and <= ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks at Charcot Island, sampled during one season only on 25 January 2010, were handled three days after Anvers Island and Avian Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled that year, i.e., 22 January 2010. Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (16 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinMicroSatellite.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinMicroSatellite | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinMicroSatellite.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinMicroSatellite/ | Nuclear genetic markers used to infer population genetic structure among breeding Adelie penguins from four regional rookeries along the western Antarctic Peninsula, 2008-2011.\\n | We used nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, data archived in GenBank) markers to better understand historical population genetic structure and gene flow given relatively recent and ongoing reductions in sea ice habitats and changes in numbers of breeding adult Adelie penguins at regional rookeries along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Study nests near Anvers Island, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored each season (2008-2009). When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for population genetic analyses. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein using a and non-heparinized, sterile 3 ml syringe infusion needle. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled over two years (2009-2010), Adelie chicks as Prospect Point were sampled during one year (2011), while chicks at Charcot Island were sampled during two seasons (2010-2011). Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins. Genetic analyses were conducted at the wildlife genetics laboratory, Alaska Science Center - United States Geological Survey (USGS), under the supervision of geneticist Dr. S.L. Talbot.\\n\\nData presented here are raw data only and do not include any derived data products. For any meta-analyses with other microsatellite data, proper calibration across labs must be completed. Data were produced at the Alaska Science Center, USGS wildlife genetics laboratory under the supervision of Dr. Sandra Talbot (stalbot@usgs.gov). Questions regarding data or any laboratory cross-validation should be directed to Dr. Kristen Gorman (kgorman@sfu.ca).\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nsample_number\nsample_number_region\nspecies\nregion\nreproductive_stage\nindividual_id\n... (21 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinMicroSatellite/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinMicroSatellite.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinMicroSatellite&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinMicroSatellite | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesAdeliePenguins.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesAdeliePenguins | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesAdeliePenguins.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesAdeliePenguins/ | Structural size measurements and isotopic signatures of foraging among adult male and female Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) nesting along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 | Sexual segregation in vertebrate foraging niche is often associated with sexual size dimorphism (SSD), i.e., ecological sexual dimorphism. We examined ecological sexual dimorphism among sympatric nesting Pygoscelis penguins near Palmer Station, Antarctica, asking whether environmental variability in the form of winter sea ice is associated with differences in male and female pre-breeding foraging niche. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. Molecular analyses were conducted at Simon Fraser University following standard PCR protocols, and stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nsample_number\nspecies\nregion\nisland_name\nreproductive_stage\nindividual_id\nfull_clutch\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nculmen_length (mm)\nculmen_depth (mm)\nflipper_length (mm)\nbody_mass (grams)\nsex\nratio_of_15n_to_14n (percent)\nratio_of_13c_to_12c (percent)\ncomments\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesAdeliePenguins/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesAdeliePenguins.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesAdeliePenguins&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesAdeliePenguins | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesChinstrapPenguins.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesChinstrapPenguins | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesChinstrapPenguins.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesChinstrapPenguins/ | Structural size measurements and isotopic signatures of foraging among adult male and female Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus) nesting along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 | Sexual segregation in vertebrate foraging niche is often associated with sexual size dimorphism (SSD), i.e., ecological sexual dimorphism. We examined ecological sexual dimorphism among sympatric nesting Pygoscelis penguins near Palmer Station, Antarctica, asking whether environmental variability in the form of winter sea ice is associated with differences in male and female pre-breeding foraging niche. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. Molecular analyses were conducted at Simon Fraser University following standard PCR protocols, and stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\ntime (Date Egg, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nsample_number\nspecies\nregion\nisland_name (Island)\nreproductive_stage (Stage)\nindividual_id\nfull_clutch (Clutch Completion)\ndorsal_ridge_length (Culmen Length)\ndorsal_ridge_depth (Culmen Depth, mm)\nflipper_length\nbody_mass (grams)\nsex\nratio_15n_14n (Delta 15 N, 1)\nratio_13c_12c (Delta 13 C, 1)\nnotes (Comments)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesChinstrapPenguins/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesChinstrapPenguins.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesChinstrapPenguins&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesChinstrapPenguins | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesGentooPenguins.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesGentooPenguins | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesGentooPenguins.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesGentooPenguins/ | Structural size measurements and isotopic signatures of foraging among adult male and female gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) nesting along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 | Sexual segregation in vertebrate foraging niche is often associated with sexual size dimorphism (SSD), i.e., ecological sexual dimorphism. We examined ecological sexual dimorphism among sympatric nesting Pygoscelis penguins near Palmer Station, Antarctica, asking whether environmental variability in the form of winter sea ice is associated with differences in male and female pre-breeding foraging niche. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. Molecular analyses were conducted at Simon Fraser University following standard PCR protocols, and stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nsample_number\nspecies\nregion\nisland_name\nreproductive_stage\nindividual_id\nfull_clutch\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nculmen_length (mm)\nculmen_depth (mm)\nflipper_length (mm)\nbody_mass (grams)\nsex\nratio_of_15n_to_14n (percent)\nratio_of_13c_to_12c (percent)\ncomments\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesGentooPenguins/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesGentooPenguins.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesGentooPenguins&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | StructuralSizeMeasurementsAndIsotopicSignaturesGentooPenguins |