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griddap Subset tabledap Make A Graph wms files Title Summary FGDC ISO 19115 Info Background Info RSS Email Institution Dataset ID
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationaryWinter.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationaryWinter https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationaryWinter.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/BirdCensusStationaryWinter/ At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, 1999 and 2001. The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar.  These objectives included 1) determining the pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations being studied as part of land-based  work at Palmer Station.  Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER study area.  The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat,which required sampling at smaller scales.  All seabird censuses were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals.  The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects spaced at 45-60 minute intervals.  There were no stops at the 10km stations during this Fast Grid phase.  Upon completion of the Fast Grid, a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours.  From January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated.  During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km.  All seabird censusesduring the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in theprevious paragraph.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nevent\ncruise_id\nstudy_name (Study)\ndepth (m)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nstation\ngrid_line (km)\ngrid_station (km)\nsea_state\nsalinity (Sea Water Practical Salinity, 1)\n... (14 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/BirdCensusStationaryWinter_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/BirdCensusStationaryWinter_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/BirdCensusStationaryWinter/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/BirdCensusStationaryWinter.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=BirdCensusStationaryWinter&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation BirdCensusStationaryWinter
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationarySummer.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationarySummer https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationarySummer.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/BirdCensusStationarySummer/ At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, 2018. At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993 - 2018. The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar.  These objectives included 1) determining the  pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining  how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine  environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to  identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations  being studied as part of land-based  work at Palmer Station.   Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and  distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER  study area.  The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat, which required sampling at smaller scales.  All seabird censuses  were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station  while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals.   The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering  the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects  spaced at 45-60 minute intervals.  There were no stops at the 10km  stations during this Fast Grid phase.  Upon completion of the Fast Grid,  a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours.  From  January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated.   During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals  and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km.  All seabird censuses during the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in the previous paragraph.\\n\\nSeventy-two 30-minute transects and 15 station censuses were completed during the January cruise.  Athough seabirds were widely  distributed  throughout the  study  area,  the highest  densities and  greatest  biomass occurred consistently within 2-5 km of Anvers Island and  several major  island  groups to the south and \\nwest  near  the  Antarctic Peninsula.   Adelie Penguins were the  dominant component of  this seabird  assemblage  in  terms of  both   abundance  and  biomass.  South Polar Skuas ranked second and Black-browed Albatross third, with the latter becoming the dominant assemblage member at distances greater than 10km from land.  Although  \\nSouth Polar Skuas had been expected to occur in more pelagic  habitats, few were censused at distances greater than 10km from land.   The presence  of  both  skuas  and penguins  so close  to  land  was unexpected.  The  most  important  variable accounting for  variation  in  the distribution  and  abundance  of  seabirds  appeared  to  \\nbe  the location  of  the 200m contour, which throughout the  study  area occurred 2-5km from the adjoining land masses.  Approximately 65% of the seabirds censused during this cruise (85% of the  biomass) occurred  in  association with this contour.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\n... (25 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/BirdCensusStationarySummer_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/BirdCensusStationarySummer_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/BirdCensusStationarySummer/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/BirdCensusStationarySummer.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=BirdCensusStationarySummer&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation BirdCensusStationarySummer
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseChlorophyll.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseChlorophyll https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseChlorophyll.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseChlorophyll/ Chlorophyll and phaeopigments from water column samples, collected at selected depths aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1991 - 2019. Phytoplankton chlorophyll sampling was led by Smith from 1991-2002, and then by Vernet from 2003-2008. Schofield is the third, and current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) is the principal photosynthetic pigment of phytoplankton, and is used as a proxy measurement for estimating phytoplankton biomass in water samples. Chl a concentrations reflect the distribution of active phytoplankton spatially and with depth in the water column and their changes over time. Phaeopigments are non-photosynthetic pigments that are degradation products of phytoplankton chlorophylls which form during and after phytoplankton blooms. Water samples are collected throughout the water column along the Western Antarctic Peninsula at regular LTER grid stations where Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) casts are preformed and in surface waters at underway stations, where CTD casts are not done, using the ship's flow-through seawater system. Water samples are filtered onto GF/F filters, and filters kept frozen at -80°C until analysis at Palmer Station following the completion of the cruise. Fluorometric chlorophyll and phaeopigment analysis is conducted at Palmer Station through acetone extraction of the GF/F filters and measurement of the extract on a Turner 10AU Fluorometer. The primary source of error for phaeopigment measurement is Chlorophyll b. If high amounts of Chlorophyll b are present in the sample, phaeopigments may be overestimated.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nchlorophyll_a (mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_a_in_sea_water, mg m-3)\nphaeopigment (mg m-3)\nevent\nbottle\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ngrid_line\ngrid_station\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\n... (7 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseChlorophyll_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseChlorophyll_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseChlorophyll/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseChlorophyll.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseChlorophyll&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation CruiseChlorophyll
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseCTDProfiles.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseCTDProfiles https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseCTDProfiles.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseCTDProfiles/ Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor profile data binned by depth from PAL LTER annual cruises, 1991, 2017 (ongoing). Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor profile data binned by depth from PAL LTER annual cruises, 1991 - 2017 (ongoing). Since 1991 (and ongoing), the PAL LTER program has deployed a SeaBird 911+ CTD mounted on a 24-bottle rosette during annual (Austral Summer) cruises plus a few supplemental cruises at other times of the year. An equal area grid oriented parallel to the average coast provides the basis for sampling, as well as specific process studies and on-the-fly scientific needs. The CTD-rosette is lowered into the ocean (usually to just above the sea-floor) using the ship's conductive-wire winch. Data is collected and displayed real-time to ensure quality and make decisions about where to collect seawater with the bottles. Bottle data is typically collected extensively in the seasaonal mixed layer and pycnocline, plus at Tmin, in the permament pycnolcine and at Tmax and Smax, as well as near the bottom. Bottle data allows measurement adn calculation of additional variables and helps ensure quality data collected via sensors. Sensors include: Pressure, Conductivity (for Salinity), Temperature, Oxygen, Transmissometer, Flourometer, Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR/Irrandiance). Additional Bottle Data Variables include: Phosphate, Silicate, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonium.  After each cruise, Temperature, Conductivity and Oxygen sensors are calibrated and post-crusie processing is applied, making use of pre- and post- cruise calibrations as well as SeaBird software and algorithms for getting the best quality data. Each profile is then inspected for any issues and if needed, suitable corrections are made such as using secondary sensors (temperature, conductivity and oxygen all currently measured in duplicate), using the upcast, or flagging the data as bad.\n\ncdm_data_type = TrajectoryProfile\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Cruise Name)\ntime (Datetime UTC, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\npressure (dbar)\ntemperature (degree_C)\nsalinity (1)\nsigmat (Sigma-Theta, kg m-3)\n... (5 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseCTDProfiles_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseCTDProfiles_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseCTDProfiles/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseCTDProfiles.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseCTDProfiles&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation CruiseCTDProfiles
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon/ Dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity of discrete water column samples, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1993, 2018. Dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity of discrete water column samples, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1993 - 2018. There is a temporal uncoupling between Antarctic phytoplankton and bacterial processes.  This affects the coastal ecosystem carbon cycle. Our sampling strategy and experiments are designed to evaluate the hypotheses that this uncoupling is caused by:1) dissolved organic carbon - bacterial interactions,2) temperature effects, and 3) direct competition and chemical antagonism.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nevent (Event Number)\nbottle (Bottle Number)\ngrid_station\ncast_number (Cast)\ngrid_line (Line)\nstation\ntime (Datetime GMT, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\ndissolved_inorganic_carbon1 (DIC 1, micromoles kg-1)\ndissolved_inorganic_carbon2 (DIC 2, micromoles kg-1)\nalkalinity1 (Alkalinity 1)\nalkalinity2 (Alkalinity 2)\ntemperature (degree_C)\nsalinity (1)\nnotes\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon/ Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) taken from discrete water column samples collected during annual cruise along western Antarctic Peninsula, 2003-2012. Dissolved organic carbon (Department of Commerce (DOC)) is a poorly-characterized but large and dynamic pool of actively-cycling carbon in the oceans, and one of the largest organic carbon pools on the planet. The total DOC pool consists of three major fractions: refractory DOC resistant to microbial oxidation with a turnover time of millennia; semi-labile DOC, produced and decomposed on seasonal timescales, and labile DOC, consisting of simple, recently-produced compounds with nanomolar concentrations, and turnover times of minutes-days. The background concentration of refractory DOC in the deep ocean is 35-45 micromolar. DOC concentration in the upper 100-200 meters is enhanced by 10-50 micromolar with the addition of semilabile DOC. In subtropical and temperate oceans, semilabile DOC can form an important part of the carbon export by deep vertical mixing into the oceanic mid-depths. Concentrations of semilabile DOC are lower in the polar Southern Ocean than in most other regions.\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (Datetime GMT, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ngrid_line (Grid Line Intended)\ngrid_station (Grid Station Intended)\nstation (Station Name)\nbottle (Bottle Number)\ndepth (m)\ndissolved_organic_carbon (DOC, micromoles L-1)\nevent (Event Number)\nnotes\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedOxygen.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedOxygen https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedOxygen.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseDissolvedOxygen/ Dissolved oxygen of discrete water column samples at selected depths collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1993, 2012. Dissolved oxygen of discrete water column samples at selected depths collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1993 - 2012. Oxygen is produced by phytoplankton photosynthesis and consumed by respiration of phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria. Oxygen also enters and exits the ocean via physical exchange with the atmosphere. Oxygen concentrations in the surface ocean may be supersaturated by photosynthesis and turbulence enhancing air-sea exchange via bubble injection; or undersaturated due to excess respiration. In cases where exchange with the atmosphere is limited, and/or respiration exceeds photosynthesis, oxygen concentration can be reduced to very low levels (hypoxia) or entirely depleted (anoxia). This is uncommon in cold Antarctic Seas where respiration is depressed and oxygen solubility is enhanced by low temperature. Different water masses have characteristic oxygen concentrations which serve as tracers for diagnosing physical mixing and advection. Dissolved oxygen was analyzed by Winkler Titration (see Methods) in Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD)-Rosette bottle samples at all depths sampled until 2012. This measurement was discontinued in 2013. The CTD has duplicate oxygen electrodes that provide continuous vertical profiles of oxygen concentration at all depths on all casts. The vessel also has continuous underway, Optode determination of dissolved oxygen in the surface (ship's intake at 6 meters depth) on all cruises. Finally we now routinely measure net community production by Equilibrator Inlet Mass Spectroscopy (EIMS) on LTER cruises\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\nevent\ngrid_line\ngrid_station\nbottle\noxygen_concentration (mL L-1)\noxygen_concentration_moles (micromoles L-1)\ncomments\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseDissolvedOxygen_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseDissolvedOxygen_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseDissolvedOxygen/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseDissolvedOxygen.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseDissolvedOxygen&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation CruiseDissolvedOxygen
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseInherentOpticalProperties.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseInherentOpticalProperties https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseInherentOpticalProperties.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseInherentOpticalProperties/ Inherent optical properties measured at selected water-column depths, collected aboard Palmer LTER Annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 2009. The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes.  A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \\n\\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels.  In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training,  education and outreach are an integral part of the program.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nevent\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ngrid_line\ngrid_station\nstation\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\nsalinity (Sea Water Practical Salinity, 1)\ntemperature (Sea Water Temperature, degree_C)\nconductivity (Sea Water Electrical Conductivity, mS cm-1)\n... (24 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseInherentOpticalProperties_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseInherentOpticalProperties_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseInherentOpticalProperties/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseInherentOpticalProperties.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseInherentOpticalProperties&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation CruiseInherentOpticalProperties
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents/ Isotopic signatures of penguin food-web components along the western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009-2011 We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (<= ~500 µl for day five chicks, and <= ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks at Charcot Island, sampled during one season only on 25 January 2010, were handled three days after Anvers Island and Avian Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled that year, i.e., 22 January 2010. Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (16 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni/ Length of Salpa thompsoni collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009, 2019. Length of Salpa thompsoni collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009 - 2019. Salps (Salpa thompsoni) are conspicuous gelatinous zooplankton capable of rapid population increases, enabling them to respond quickly to unpredictable phytoplankton blooms common in the Antarctic.  Body length was measured on salps collected from LTER zooplankton tows along the western Antarctic Peninsula.  Salps have amongst the highest filtration rates of all zooplankton, and package their waste into large, fast sinking fecal pellets.  These pellets provide a mechanism to export carbon fixed in the surface waters into the deep ocean.  Since filtration rates and pellet  size are positively related to the size of a salp, population estimates of grazing and exported carbon can be determined through length data.\\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\ncruise_tow_number\ncruise_name\nevent\ntow_number\ngrid_line\ngrid_station\ntime (Start Time, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nend_time (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlat_end (Latitude, degrees_north)\nlon_end (Longitude, degrees_east)\ntow_duration (minutes)\nheading (degrees)\nspeed_over_ground\ndepth (m)\nwind_speed (m s-1)\nwind_direction (Wind To Direction, degrees)\n... (7 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseEventLog.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseEventLog https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseEventLog.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseEventLog/ Palmer (PAL) log of events aboard Palmer LTER cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (cruise happenings ordered by time) is a meta dataset, including lat-lon, datetime, activity, events, etc, 1991, 2019. Palmer (PAL) log of events aboard Palmer LTER cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (cruise happenings ordered by time) is a meta dataset, including lat-lon, datetime, activity, events, etc, 1991 - 2019. The event log for the Palmer LTER research cruises provides a mapping of sampling and other research activities to spatial, temporal and other variables. Event numbers are used to coordinate relational indexes and provide users of the data with a high-level index for relating measurements across research components.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nevent\nevent_group\ncast_number\nevent_name\ngrid_station\nstation\ngrid_line\ncalculated_grid_station\ncomments\nnotes\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseEventLog_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseEventLog_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseEventLog/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseEventLog.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseEventLog&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation CruiseEventLog
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves/ Photosynthesis-irradiance measurements used to derive P-I relationships and to calculate primary production for each discrete sample. Samples collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1991, 1993. Photosynthesis-irradiance measurements used to derive P-I relationships and to calculate primary production for each discrete sample. Samples collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1991 - 1993. Photosynthesis-irradiance measurements are used to derive P-I relationships and to calculate primary production for each discrete sample. Blue-green photosynthetron method described by Prezelin et al. (1994) were used to determine photosynthesis irradiance (P-I) relationships for collected samples. Non-linear cureve fits for the P-I data were calculated using the simplex method of Caceci & Cacheris (1984). Curve fitting provided estimates of Pmax (the light saturated rate of photosynthesis) and alpha (the affinity for photosynthesis at light-limited irradiances.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nevent (Event Number)\njulian_day\nincubation_start_time (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ngrid_station\nstation\ngrid_line\nbottle (Bottle Number)\ndepth (m)\nchlorophyll_a (mg m-3)\nincubation_hours (Incubation Hrs, hours)\nin_situ_temperature (In Situ Water Temperature, degree_C)\nincubation_temperature (Incubation Water Temperature, degree_C)\npmax (mg m-3 hour-1)\nalpha\nbeta (percent)\n... (8 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/dO18StableIsotopesCruise.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/dO18StableIsotopesCruise https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/dO18StableIsotopesCruise.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/dO18StableIsotopesCruise/ Sources of oceanic freshwater content along the western Antarctic Peninsula (PAL-LTER Study Region) determined by the stable isotope composition (d18O) of seawater. The oceanic distribution of d18O is determined largely by the same processes that control salinity. Surface d18O reflects the magnitude and spatial distribution of freshwater inputs, and it is a conservative tracer in the ocean interior. The great benefit of d18O is obtained from the circumstances under which it exhibits behavior different to that of salinity. One such circumstance derives from the salinity and d18O values in precipitation, with salinity being constant with latitude (typically zero), while in general d18O in precipitation becomes progressively isotopically lighter toward the poles. This results in glacial ice (which derives from high-latitude precipitation) being very isotopically light, enabling d18O to be a useful tracer of glacial discharge to the ocean (e.g., Schlosser et al. 1990; Weiss et al. 1979). Another difference occurs in regions influenced by sea ice, which greatly affects salinity during its formation/melt cycle but has only minimal impact on d18O. This decoupling of the two tracers allows them to be used in tandem to quantitatively separate freshwater inputs from sea ice melt and those from meteoric sources (precipitation plus glacial discharge). For this, a simple three-endmember mass balance can be used. For details please see Meredith, M. P., H. J. Venables, A. Clarke, H. W. Ducklow, M. Erickson, M. J. Leng, J. T. M. Lenaerts, and M. R. van den Broeke. 2013. The freshwater system west of the Antarctic Peninsula: Spatial and temporal changes. Journal of Climate 26:1669-1684.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ngrid_station\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nevent\ncast_number\nbottle\ndepth (m)\npressure (sea_water_pressure, dbar)\no18_sample_number\n... (14 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/dO18StableIsotopesCruise_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/dO18StableIsotopesCruise_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/dO18StableIsotopesCruise/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/dO18StableIsotopesCruise.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=dO18StableIsotopesCruise&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation dO18StableIsotopesCruise
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba/ Standard body length of Euphausia superba collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009, 2019. Standard body length of Euphausia superba collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009 - 2019. Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, are a critical food-web link between phytoplankton primary production and higher trophic levels, such as whales, penguins, and seals.  Krill standard length was measured from LTER zooplankton tows along the western Antarctic Peninsula.  Length data provides estimates of age-class abundance and recruitment.  Climate-induced changes in krill recruitment are an important consideration in the management and modelling of krill populations.\\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\ncruise_tow_number\ncruise_name\nevent\ntow_number\ngrid_line\ngrid_station\ntime (Start Time, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nend_time (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlat_end (Latitude, degrees_north)\nlon_end (Longitude, degrees_east)\ntow_duration (minutes)\nheading (degrees)\nspeed_over_ground\ndepth (m)\nwind_speed (m s-1)\nwind_direction (Wind To Direction, degrees)\nnet_id\ntow_type\n... (5 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StandardBodyLengthsESuperba&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation StandardBodyLengthsESuperba
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical/ Zooplankton collected aboard Palmer Station LTER annual cruises off the western antarctic peninsula, 1993, 2008. Zooplankton collected aboard Palmer Station LTER annual cruises off the western antarctic peninsula, 1993 - 2008. Samples were collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m. This dataset is the historical (1993 - 2008) counterpart to dataset #199, Zooplankton Density - Current. Together these two data sets comprise the full Palmer LTER zooplankton density time series. Please refer to the methods of each dataset for differences between the two.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\ntime (Start Time, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ndepth (m)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nend_time (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlat_end (Latitude, degrees_north)\nlon_end (Longitude, degrees_east)\ncruise_tow_number\ncruise_name\nevent\ntow_number\ngrid_line\ngrid_station\ntow_duration (minutes)\nheading (degrees)\nspeed_over_ground\nwind_speed_start (Wind Speed)\nwind_direction (Wind From Direction, degrees)\nnet_id\ntow_type\ntarget_depth (Depth)\ndepth_max (Depth, meters)\nvolume_filtered (m3)\n... (60 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=ZooplanktonDensityHistorical&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation ZooplanktonDensityHistorical
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseZooplanktonAbundance.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseZooplanktonAbundance https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseZooplanktonAbundance.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseZooplanktonAbundance/ Zooplankton collected with a 1.4 m2 frame, 500-µm mesh Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009-2017 Zooplankton are a morphologically and taxonomically diverse group of animals. Many zooplankton feed on phytoplankton in surface waters and thus provide a link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. Other zooplankton reside in the mesopelagic zone and feed on detritus or on other animals. Depth-discrete density of zooplankton taxa was determined at process study stations on the annual Palmer LTER cruises along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Samples were collected with a 1.4-m2 frame, 500-μm mesh Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) towed obliquely to the surface from a depth of typically 500 m. MOCNESS tows were conducted in consecutive day-night pairs at each process study station. Zooplankton depth distributions vary between day and night as these animals conduct diel vertical migrations. Depth distributions also vary among zooplankton taxa based on species feeding ecology and life history traits. Zooplankton diel vertical migration contributes to the export of carbon and nutrients from the surface ocean to the mesopelagic zone.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\ntow_start_datetime (MOCNESS start datetime, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ntow_end_datetime (MOCNESS end datetime, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (Net Lat Avg, degrees_north)\nlongitude (Net Lon Avg, degrees_east)\ncruise_name\ngrid_line\ngrid_station\namphipoda\ncacutus\nchaetognatha\ncpropinquus\necrystal\ngymnosomata\nlhelicina\nmgerlachei\nostracoda\n... (28 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseZooplanktonAbundance_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseZooplanktonAbundance/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseZooplanktonAbundance.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseZooplanktonAbundance&showErrors=false&email= Rutgers University CruiseZooplanktonAbundance
https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent.subset https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent.graph https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent/ Zooplankton collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, aboard Palmer Station Antarctica LTER annual cruises off the western antarctic peninsula, 2009, 2019. Zooplankton collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, aboard Palmer Station Antarctica LTER annual cruises off the western antarctic peninsula, 2009 - 2019. Zooplankton are a morphologically and taxonomically diverse group of animals.  Many zooplankton feed on phytoplankton and thus provide a link between primary producers and higher trophic levels.  Zooplankton density and biovolume were determined at grid stations on the annual LTER cruises along the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP).  Typically, zooplankton were collected with a 2x2 meter, 700um mesh net fitted with a flow meter and towed obliquely to 120m.  Zooplankton distributions vary spatially due to water column characteristics, which affect their predators' distributions.  As climate change continues to affect the WAP, the relative abundance of the various zooplankton components can also be expected to change.\\n\\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\ntime (Start Time, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nend_time (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ndepth (m)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nlat_end (Latitude, degrees_north)\nlon_end (Longitude, degrees_east)\ncruise_name\nevent\ncruise_tow_number\ngrid_line\ngrid_station\ntow_duration\nheading (degrees)\nspeed_over_ground\nwind_speed_start (Wind Speed, m s-1)\nnet_id\ntow_type\n... (90 more variables)\n https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent_fgdc.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent_iso19115.xml https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent/index.htmlTable https://pal.lternet.edu/ (external link) http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent.rss https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=ZooplanktonDensityCurrent&showErrors=false&email= National Science Foundation ZooplanktonDensityCurrent

 
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