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| griddap | Subset | tabledap | Make A Graph | wms | files | Title | Summary | FGDC | ISO 19115 | Info | Background Info | RSS | Institution | Dataset ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance/ | Abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea that were collected on LMG 06-01 (archaea) at discrete depths, 2006. | The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes. A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \\n\\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels. In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training, education and outreach are an integral part of the program.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ndepth (m)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nevent\nstation\nbottle\neub_16s_gene_copies (L-1)\naob_165_gene_copies (L-1)\narchaea_16s_gene_copies (L-1)\ncren_16s_gene_copies (L-1)\n... (10 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietFish.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietFish | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietFish.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinDietFish/ | Adelie penguin diet composition, fish species and numbers, 1991, present. | Adelie penguin diet composition, fish species and numbers, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\n\\nFish occur frequently in Adélie penguin diets but rarely as whole specimens, hence recording their presence in sorted subsamples (see DIET) is generally limited to noting the incidence of skin, flesh, bones, eyes and especially otoliths. With the exception of otoliths, the weights of these items are obtained if warranted by the sample size. Otoliths can be used to identify individual fish species, and in combination with regression equations based on otolith length and width, can also be used to reconstitute fish length and mass. However, because the expertise needed to identify fish from otoliths does not exist within the PAL program, otolith identification is performed by off-site experts as time and funding allow. This results in long lags between the time otoliths are collected and integrated with the appropriate databases, meaning that understanding the role of fish in Adélie penguin diets still remains a longer-term objective of PAL. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\n... (12 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinDietFish/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinDietFish.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinDietFish&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinDietFish | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess/ | Adelie penguin reproductive success, 1991, present.\\t | Adelie penguin chick fledging weights, 1991 - present.\\t. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\nA sample of Adélie penguin nests from colonies on Humble Island is randomly selected annually and checked daily (or as ice and weather conditions permit) throughout the breeding season from the time adults arrive until the chick crèche phase of the reproductive cycle. Recorded data (the timing of egg laying, hatching and crèching) provide a measure of annual breeding chronology, and the number of chicks crèched, an estimate of reproductive success (chicks crèched/breeding pair).\\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nisland_name (Island)\ncolony_code (Colony)\nsite_number\nnest_number\negg1_lay_date (Egg 1 Lay Date)\n... (10 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter/ | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, 1999 and 2001. | The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar. These objectives included 1) determining the pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations being studied as part of land-based work at Palmer Station. Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER study area. The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat,which required sampling at smaller scales. All seabird censuses were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals. The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects spaced at 45-60 minute intervals. There were no stops at the 10km stations during this Fast Grid phase. Upon completion of the Fast Grid, a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours. From January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated. During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km. All seabird censusesduring the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in theprevious paragraph.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nevent\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nlat_end (Latitude, degrees_north)\nlon_end (Longitude, degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\ncruise_name\nstart_station\nend_station\nduration (minutes)\n... (14 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=BirdCensusLogMovingWinter&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | BirdCensusLogMovingWinter | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationaryWinter.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationaryWinter | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationaryWinter.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/BirdCensusStationaryWinter/ | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, 1999 and 2001. | The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar. These objectives included 1) determining the pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations being studied as part of land-based work at Palmer Station. Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER study area. The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat,which required sampling at smaller scales. All seabird censuses were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals. The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects spaced at 45-60 minute intervals. There were no stops at the 10km stations during this Fast Grid phase. Upon completion of the Fast Grid, a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours. From January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated. During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km. All seabird censusesduring the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in theprevious paragraph.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nevent\ncruise_id\nstudy_name (Study)\ndepth (m)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nstation\ngrid_line (km)\ngrid_station (km)\nsea_state\nsalinity (Sea Water Practical Salinity, 1)\n... (14 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/BirdCensusStationaryWinter_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/BirdCensusStationaryWinter_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/BirdCensusStationaryWinter/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/BirdCensusStationaryWinter.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=BirdCensusStationaryWinter&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | BirdCensusStationaryWinter | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusMovingSummer.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusMovingSummer | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusMovingSummer.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/BirdCensusMovingSummer/ | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, 2018. | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993 - 2018. The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar. These objectives included 1) determining the pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations being studied as part of land-based work at Palmer Station. Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER study area. The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat,which required sampling at smaller scales. All seabird censuses were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals. The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects spaced at 45-60 minute intervals. There were no stops at the 10km stations during this Fast Grid phase. Upon completion of the Fast Grid, a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours. From January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated. During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km. All seabird censuses during the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in the previous paragraph.\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ncruise_id\nevent\nsample_minutes_from_start (minutes)\nspecies_code\nnumber_items (1)\nnum_linkages (1)\nbehavior\ndirection\nnotes\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/BirdCensusMovingSummer/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/BirdCensusMovingSummer.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=BirdCensusMovingSummer&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | BirdCensusMovingSummer | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer/ | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, present. | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993 - present. The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar. These objectives included 1) determining the pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations being studied as part of land-based work at Palmer Station. Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER study area. The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat,which required sampling at smaller scales. All seabird censuses were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals. The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects spaced at 45-60 minute intervals. There were no stops at the 10km stations during this Fast Grid phase. Upon completion of the Fast Grid, a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours. From January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated. During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km. All seabird censusesduring the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in theprevious paragraph.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (Date/Time, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nlat_end (Latitude, degrees_north)\nlon_end (Longitude, degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\nevent\ncruise_id\nstart_station\n... (16 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=BirdCensusLogMovingSummer&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | BirdCensusLogMovingSummer | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseBacteria.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseBacteria | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseBacteria.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseBacteria/ | Bacterial properties in discrete water column samples at selected depths, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctica Peninsula, 2003, 2019. | Bacterial properties in discrete water column samples at selected depths, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctica Peninsula, 2003 - 2019. The microbial biogeochemistry component of PAL focuses on marine bacterioplankton, and is thus a counterpart to the phytoplankton and zooplankton components, which together provide a detailed and comprehensive description of plankton ecology in PAL-LTER. Bacteria and Archaea (hereafter called \"bacteria\") are taxonomically and metabolically diverse. In coastal and offshore surface waters Bacteria generally predominate over Archaea, but Archaea are equal or greater in abundance in the mesopelagic layer below the euphoric zone. We focus on aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria in the upper 100 m on the annual summer cruise. These bacteria oxidize recently-produced low molecular weight dissolved organic compounds released by phytoplankton and zooplankton, decomposing them back into CO2 and inorganic nutrients. Globally, marine bacteria respire an amount of carbon roughly equal to about half the daily photosynthetic production. In cold polar waters, relative bacterial activity is lower, with bacterial biomass production being equal to <5% of the daily photosynthesis. The ratio at lower latitudes is 10-20%. The factors responsible for this contrast are not entirely clear. Resolving this pattern is a key aim of the PAL microbial component. Bacterial production is generally low across the grid, relative to primary production, but with considerable spatial and annual variability. Discrete BP can reach >200mgC/m2/d following bloom-fueled high organic matter events. Across the grid and over years, BP is highly correlated with chlorophyll, highlighting the close relationship with phytoplanktonic organic matter production.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nevent (Event Number)\nstation (Station Name)\nbottle (Bottle Number)\ntime (Datetime GMT, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\nbacterial_cell_count (Abundance, count L-1)\n... (5 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseBacteria_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseBacteria_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseBacteria/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseBacteria.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseBacteria&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | CruiseBacteria | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationBacteria.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationBacteria | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationBacteria.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StationBacteria/ | Bacterial properties in discrete water column samples collected during Palmer LTER station seasons at Palmer Station Antarctica, 2002, 2019. | Bacterial properties in discrete water column samples collected during Palmer LTER station seasons at Palmer Station Antarctica, 2002 - 2019. The microbial biogeochemistry component of PAL focuses on marine bacterioplankton, and is thus a counterpart to the phytoplankton and zooplankton components, which together provide a detailed and comprehensive description of plankton ecology in PAL-LTER. Bacteria and Archaea (hereafter called \"bacteria\") are taxonomically and metabolically diverse. In coastal and offshore surface waters Bacteria generally predominate over Archaea, but Archaea are equal or greater in abundance in the mesopelagic layer below the euphoric zone. We focus on aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria in the upper 65 m at Palmer Station which oxidize recently-produced low molecular weight dissolved organic compounds released by phytoplankton and zooplankton, decomposing them back into CO2 and inorganic nutrients. Globally, marine bacteria respire an amount of carbon roughly equal to about half the daily photosynthetic production. In cold polar waters, relative bacterial activity is lower, with bacterial biomass production being equal to <5% of the daily photosynthesis. The ratio at lower latitudes is 10-20%. The factors responsible for this contrast are not entirely clear. Resolving this pattern is a key aim of the PAL microbial component. At Palmer Station, bacterial production is low (< 10 mgC/m2/d) in the winter (polar night) when there is little if any photosynthesis. There is a climatological (2003-14 average) summer peak of 50-60 mgC/m2/d in January-February but with considerable seasonal and annual variability. \\n\\nThe 2016/2017 season data contains bacteria abundances for preserved samples for comparison to abundances from live samples. See the documentation for this in the accompanying file, 2016_live_vs_preserved.pdf.\n\ncdm_data_type = TimeSeries\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (Date GMT, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nevent (Event Number)\nstation (Station Name)\ndepth (m)\nbacterial_cell_count (Abundance, count L-1)\n... (5 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/StationBacteria_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/StationBacteria_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StationBacteria/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StationBacteria.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StationBacteria&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | StationBacteria | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon/ | Dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity of discrete water column samples, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1993, 2018. | Dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity of discrete water column samples, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1993 - 2018. There is a temporal uncoupling between Antarctic phytoplankton and bacterial processes. This affects the coastal ecosystem carbon cycle. Our sampling strategy and experiments are designed to evaluate the hypotheses that this uncoupling is caused by:1) dissolved organic carbon - bacterial interactions,2) temperature effects, and 3) direct competition and chemical antagonism.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nevent (Event Number)\nbottle (Bottle Number)\ngrid_station\ncast_number (Cast)\ngrid_line (Line)\nstation\ntime (Datetime GMT, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\ndissolved_inorganic_carbon1 (DIC 1, micromoles kg-1)\ndissolved_inorganic_carbon2 (DIC 2, micromoles kg-1)\nalkalinity1 (Alkalinity 1)\nalkalinity2 (Alkalinity 2)\ntemperature (degree_C)\nsalinity (1)\nnotes\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | CruiseDissolvedInorganicCarbon | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedInorganicNutrients.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedInorganicNutrients | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedInorganicNutrients.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseDissolvedInorganicNutrients/ | Dissolved inorganic nutrients including 5 macro nutrients: silicate, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium from water column bottle samples collected during annual cruise along western Antarctic Peninsula, 1991, 2019. | Dissolved inorganic nutrients including 5 macro nutrients: silicate, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium from water column bottle samples collected during annual cruise along western Antarctic Peninsula, 1991 - 2019. The inorganic plant macronutrients dissolved phosphate, silicate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium are the major sources of nutrition for phytoplankton growth in seawater (with sunlight and inorganic carbon). Macronutrient distributions reflect the large-scale circulation patterns in the oceans and are useful properties to delineate water masses. Dissolved inorganic nutrients samples are typically collected in every Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD)/Rosette cast performed on the annual LTER cruises along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Water samples are analyzed for dissolved nutrients with recognized standard oceanographic protocols for nutrient autoanalyzers (continuous flow analyzers). In Antarctic waters, dissolved inorganic macronutrients are seldom depleted to limiting concentrations except during heavy prolonged phytoplankton blooms. This is due to the fact that phytoplankton growth is more often limited by light or iron, and to the short growing season. .The inorganic plant macronutrients dissolved phosphate, silicate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium are the major sources of nutrition for phytoplankton growth in seawater (with sunlight and inorganic carbon). Macronutrient distributions reflect the large-scale circulation patterns in the oceans and are useful properties to delineate water masses. Dissolved inorganic nutrients samples are typically collected in every CTD/Rosette cast performed on the annual LTER cruises along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Water samples are analyzed for dissolved nutrients with recognized standard oceanographic protocols for nutrient autoanalyzers (continuous flow analyzers). In Antarctic waters, dissolved inorganic macronutrients are seldom depleted to limiting concentrations except during heavy prolonged phytoplankton blooms. This is due to the fact that phytoplankton growth is more often limited by light or iron, and to the short growing season. .The inorganic plant macronutrients dissolved phosphate, silicate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium are the major sources of nutrition for phytoplankton growth in seawater (with sunlight and inorganic carbon). Macronutrient distributions reflect the large-scale circulation patterns in the oceans and are useful properties to delineate water masses. Dissolved inorganic nutrients samples are typically collected in every CTD/Rosette cast performed on the annual LTER cruises along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Water samples are analyzed for dissolved nutrients with recognized standard oceanographic protocols for nutrient autoanalyzers (continuous flow analyzers). In Antarctic waters, dissolved inorganic macronutrients are seldom depleted to limiting concentrations except during heavy prolonged phytoplankton blooms. This is due to the fact that phytoplankton growth is more often limited by light or iron, and to the short growing season.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\n... (17 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseDissolvedInorganicNutrients_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseDissolvedInorganicNutrients_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseDissolvedInorganicNutrients/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseDissolvedInorganicNutrients.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseDissolvedInorganicNutrients&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | CruiseDissolvedInorganicNutrients | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon/ | Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) taken from discrete water column samples collected during annual cruise along western Antarctic Peninsula, 2003-2012. | Dissolved organic carbon (Department of Commerce (DOC)) is a poorly-characterized but large and dynamic pool of actively-cycling carbon in the oceans, and one of the largest organic carbon pools on the planet. The total DOC pool consists of three major fractions: refractory DOC resistant to microbial oxidation with a turnover time of millennia; semi-labile DOC, produced and decomposed on seasonal timescales, and labile DOC, consisting of simple, recently-produced compounds with nanomolar concentrations, and turnover times of minutes-days. The background concentration of refractory DOC in the deep ocean is 35-45 micromolar. DOC concentration in the upper 100-200 meters is enhanced by 10-50 micromolar with the addition of semilabile DOC. In subtropical and temperate oceans, semilabile DOC can form an important part of the carbon export by deep vertical mixing into the oceanic mid-depths. Concentrations of semilabile DOC are lower in the polar Southern Ocean than in most other regions.\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (Datetime GMT, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ngrid_line (Grid Line Intended)\ngrid_station (Grid Station Intended)\nstation (Station Name)\nbottle (Bottle Number)\ndepth (m)\ndissolved_organic_carbon (DOC, micromoles L-1)\nevent (Event Number)\nnotes\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | CruiseDissolvedOrganicCarbon | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15 | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15/ | Isotopic signatures of diet provisioned to 15 day old chick Pygoscelis penguins reared along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 | We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (<= ~500 µl for day five chicks, and <= ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks at Charcot Island, sampled during one season only on 25 January 2010, were handled three days after Anvers Island and Avian Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled that year, i.e., 22 January 2010. Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\ntime (Date Day 15 Chicks Observed, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (11 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay15 | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5 | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5/ | Isotopic signatures of diet provisioned to 5 day old chick Pygoscelis penguins reared along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 | We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (<= ~500 µl for day five chicks, and <= ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks at Charcot Island, sampled during one season only on 25 January 2010, were handled three days after Anvers Island and Avian Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled that year, i.e., 22 January 2010. Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\ntime (Date Day 5 Chicks Observed, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (11 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguinsDay5 | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks/ | Isotopic signatures of diet provisioned to 5 week old chick Pygoscelis penguins reared along the western Antarctic Peninsula, 2007-2009 | We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (<= ~500 µl for day five chicks, and <= ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks at Charcot Island, sampled during one season only on 25 January 2010, were handled three days after Anvers Island and Avian Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled that year, i.e., 22 January 2010. Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\ntime (Date Week 5 Chicks Observed, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (11 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | IsotopicNicheChickPygoscelisPenguins5weeks | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins/ | Isotopic signatures of foraging among adult Pygoscelis penguins nesting along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 | We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (<= ~500 µl for day five chicks, and <= ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks at Charcot Island, sampled during one season only on 25 January 2010, were handled three days after Anvers Island and Avian Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled that year, i.e., 22 January 2010. Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (12 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | IsotopicNicheAdultPygoscelisPenguins | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents/ | Isotopic signatures of penguin food-web components along the western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009-2011 | We evaluated regional variation in reproductive isotopic niche among breeding populations of Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap (P. antarctica), and gentoo (P. papua) penguins west of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to test a hypothesis for sea ice-associated food-web correlates of breeding population change. We rely on signatures of naturally occurring carbon (13C/12C, δ13C) and nitrogen (15N/14N, δ15N) stable isotopes (SI) as integrated proxies of penguin trophic foraging and food-web structure. Each season, study nests, where pairs of adults were present, were individually marked and chosen before the onset of egg-laying, and consistently monitored. When study nests were found at the one-egg stage, both adults were captured to obtain blood samples used for molecular sexing and stable isotope analyses, and measurements of structural size and body mass. At the time of capture, each adult penguin was quickly blood sampled (~1 ml) from the brachial vein. After handling, individuals at study nests were further monitored to ensure the pair reached clutch completion, i.e., two eggs. At approximate an average nest age of five and 15 days, offspring from study nests were captured and quickly blood sampled (<= ~500 µl for day five chicks, and <= ~1 ml for day 15 chicks) from the tarsus vein using a sterile needle and heparinized capillary tubes for day five chicks, and a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle for day 15 chicks, again to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Study nests were monitored for chick survival to 25 days. At five weeks into chick-rearing, older crèched chicks of all three species were captured and quickly blood sampled from study rookeries near Anvers Island. Handling of crèched chicks occurred over a one or two day period, which varied seasonally and by species depending on nest initiation dates. Adélie penguin chicks at Avian Island were sampled on the same day Anvers Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled. Adélie penguin chicks at Charcot Island, sampled during one season only on 25 January 2010, were handled three days after Anvers Island and Avian Island Adélie penguin chicks were sampled that year, i.e., 22 January 2010. Blood samples from crèched chicks (~1 ml) were taken from the brachial vein using a sterile 3 ml syringe and heparinized infusion needle following sampling procedures used for adult penguins to obtain blood tissue for SI analyses. Stable isotope analyses were conducted at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of California, Davis using an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (16 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | IsotopicNicheWAPFoodWebComponents | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseEventLog.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseEventLog | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseEventLog.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseEventLog/ | Palmer (PAL) log of events aboard Palmer LTER cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (cruise happenings ordered by time) is a meta dataset, including lat-lon, datetime, activity, events, etc, 1991, 2019. | Palmer (PAL) log of events aboard Palmer LTER cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (cruise happenings ordered by time) is a meta dataset, including lat-lon, datetime, activity, events, etc, 1991 - 2019. The event log for the Palmer LTER research cruises provides a mapping of sampling and other research activities to spatial, temporal and other variables. Event numbers are used to coordinate relational indexes and provide users of the data with a high-level index for relating measurements across research components.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nevent\nevent_group\ncast_number\nevent_name\ngrid_station\nstation\ngrid_line\ncalculated_grid_station\ncomments\nnotes\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseEventLog_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseEventLog_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseEventLog/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseEventLog.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseEventLog&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | CruiseEventLog | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ParticulateOrganicCarbonandNitrogen.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ParticulateOrganicCarbonandNitrogen | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ParticulateOrganicCarbonandNitrogen.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/ParticulateOrganicCarbonandNitrogen/ | Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen measurements from water column sample bottles, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1991, 2018. Cruise PD94-01 not included in time series for lack of samples | Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen measurements from water column sample bottles, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1991 - 2018. Cruise PD94-01 not included in time series for lack of samples. All organisms are composed of organic matter. Organic matter is synthesized from dissolved inorganic carbon (dissolved CO2) and inorganic nutrients by phytoplankton photosynthesis, and consumed (oxidized) by respiration by heterotrophs (zooplankton and bacteria). The organic matter in seawater is a variable mixture of dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and Princeton Ocean Model (POM)). Typically DOM predominates over POM by an order of magnitude, but the relative amount of POM can be highly enhanced during large phytoplankton blooms. The principal elemental components of POM include organic carbon (POC), organic nitrogen (PN), there is no particulate inorganic N) and phosphorus (POP). These elements exist in a relatively stable, characteristic ratio of 106:6:1 (C:N:P) in seawater, known as the Redfield Ratio. Marine particulate matter is a complex mixture of live and dead plankton and detritus, and of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. POC and PN are enhanced in the euphoric zone, reflecting their origin by photosynthesis. The particulate pool is also a complex assemblage of particles of different sizes, shapes and densities. A simplified scheme divides the particles into large, rapidly sinking particles (10s - 100s of meters per day) and smaller, suspended particles. The transition between small particles and dissolved organic matter is typically specified by filtration through GF/F filters. POC and PN are analyzed for samples in the upper 100 meters on all regular grid samples.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\ngrid_line\nstation (u2)\ncast_number\nbottle\n... (5 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/ParticulateOrganicCarbonandNitrogen_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/ParticulateOrganicCarbonandNitrogen_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/ParticulateOrganicCarbonandNitrogen/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/ParticulateOrganicCarbonandNitrogen.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=ParticulateOrganicCarbonandNitrogen&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | ParticulateOrganicCarbonandNitrogen | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationPhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationPhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationPhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StationPhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves/ | Photosynthesis-irradiance measurements collected during Palmer LTER station seasons at Palmer Station Antarctica, 1991, 1993. | Photosynthesis-irradiance measurements collected during Palmer LTER station seasons at Palmer Station Antarctica, 1991 - 1993. Photosynthesis-irradiance measurements are used to derive P-I relationships and to calculate primary production for each discrete sample. Blue-green photosynthetron method described by Prezelin et al. (1994) were used to determine photosynthesis irradiance (P-I) relationships for collected samples. Non-linear cureve fits for the P-I data were calculated using the simplex method of Caceci & Cacheris (1984). Curve fitting provided estimates of Pmax (the light saturated rate of photosynthesis) and alpha (the affinity for photosynthesis at light-limited irradiances.\n\ncdm_data_type = TimeSeries\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nevent\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\nstation\njulian_day\nbottle\nchlorophyll_a (Mass Concentration Of Chlorophyll A In Sea Water, mg m-3)\nincubation_hours (hours)\nin_situ_temperature (degree_C)\nincubation_temperature (degree_C)\npmax (mg m-3 hour-1)\nalpha\nbeta\nIk (microeinstiens m-2 s-1)\nIt (microeinstiens m-2 s-1)\npmax_error (mg m-3 hour-1)\nalpha_error\n... (4 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/StationPhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/StationPhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StationPhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StationPhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StationPhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | StationPhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves/ | Photosynthesis-irradiance measurements used to derive P-I relationships and to calculate primary production for each discrete sample. Samples collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1991, 1993. | Photosynthesis-irradiance measurements used to derive P-I relationships and to calculate primary production for each discrete sample. Samples collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1991 - 1993. Photosynthesis-irradiance measurements are used to derive P-I relationships and to calculate primary production for each discrete sample. Blue-green photosynthetron method described by Prezelin et al. (1994) were used to determine photosynthesis irradiance (P-I) relationships for collected samples. Non-linear cureve fits for the P-I data were calculated using the simplex method of Caceci & Cacheris (1984). Curve fitting provided estimates of Pmax (the light saturated rate of photosynthesis) and alpha (the affinity for photosynthesis at light-limited irradiances.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nevent (Event Number)\njulian_day\nincubation_start_time (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ngrid_station\nstation\ngrid_line\nbottle (Bottle Number)\ndepth (m)\nchlorophyll_a (mg m-3)\nincubation_hours (Incubation Hrs, hours)\nin_situ_temperature (In Situ Water Temperature, degree_C)\nincubation_temperature (Incubation Water Temperature, degree_C)\npmax (mg m-3 hour-1)\nalpha\nbeta (percent)\n... (8 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | CruisePhotosyntheticParametersfromPhotosynthesisIrradianceCurves | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments/ | Photosynthetic pigments of water column samples analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), sampled during the Palmer LTER field seasons at Palmer Station, Antarctica, 1991 - 2015. | Phytoplankton pigment sampling was led by Prezelin from the 1991-1992 season through the 1993-1994 season, and then by Vernet from the 1994-1995 season through the 2006-2007 season. Schofield is the third, and current lead, beginning in the 2008-2009 season. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Phytoplankton have a suite of accessory pigments in addition to Chlorophyll a, including other Chlorophyll's (e.g. Chlorophyll b), Xanthophylls, and Carotenes. These accessory pigments can be used as chemotaxonomic markers to assess the composition and distribution of the phytoplankton community. For example, Fucoxanthin is a marker pigment of Diatoms, whereas Alloxanthin is a marker pigment of Cryptophytes. Accessory pigments also assist in photoacclimation and photoprotective processes. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations within the Palmer LTER region (primarily B and E, to 50m and 65m respectively). Water samples are filtered onto GF/F filters, and filters kept frozen at -80C until analysis. HPLC analysis is completed following Wright et al (1991). Following the guidelines set by NASA SeaHARRE, we use an internal standard and replicate injects on the HPLC to track recovery and replicability of the pigment extraction methods. Data is unavailable for the Palmer 2009-2010 season due to instrumentation problems and for the Palmer 2011-2012 season due to a freezer failure which resulted in the loss of samples. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = TimeSeries\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ndepth (m)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nevent\njulian_day\nstation\nirradiance (percent)\nchlorophyllide_a (Concentration Of Chlorophyll In Sea Water, ug L-1)\nchlorophyll_c3 (Concentration Of Chlorophyll In Sea Water, ug L-1)\nchlorophyll_c2 (Concentration Of Chlorophyll In Sea Water, ug L-1)\n... (25 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments/ | Photosynthetic pigments of water column samples and analyzed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctica Peninsula, 1991, 2016. | Photosynthetic pigments of water column samples and analyzed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctica Peninsula, 1991 - 2016. Phytoplankton pigment sampling was led by Prezelin from 1991-1994, and then by Vernet from 1995-2008. Schofield is the third, and current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Phytoplankton have a suite of accessory pigments in addition to Chlorophyll a, including other Chlorophyll's (e.g. Chlorophyll b), Xanthophylls, and Carotenes. These accessory pigments can be used as chemotaxonomic markers to assess the composition and distribution of the phytoplankton community. For example, Fucoxanthin is a marker pigment of Diatoms, whereas Alloxanthin is a marker pigment of Cryptophytes. Accessory pigments also assist in photoacclimation and photoprotective processes. Water samples are collected throughout the water column along the Western Antarctic Peninsula at regular LTER grid stations where Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) casts are preformed and in surface waters at underway stations, where CTD casts are not done, using the ship's flow-through seawater system. Water samples are filtered onto GF/F filters, and filters kept frozen at -80C until analysis. HPLC analysis is completed following Wright et al (1991). Following the guidelines set by NASA SeaHARRE, we use an internal standard and replicate injects on the HPLC to track recovery and replicability of the pigment extraction methods and the HPLC. Data is unavailable for the LMG10-01 cruise due to instrumentation problems and for the LMG12-01 cruise due to a freezer failure which resulted in the loss of samples.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nevent\ncast_number\nbottle\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\ngrid_line\n... (29 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/OffshoreSedimentTrapFluxes.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/OffshoreSedimentTrapFluxes | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/OffshoreSedimentTrapFluxes.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/OffshoreSedimentTrapFluxes/ | Vertical fluxes of particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from a sediment trap deployed west of Palmer Station, Antarctica at a depth of 170 meters, 1992-present. | Particulate organic matter is exported from the upper ocean euphotic zone in the form of large sinking particles and as dissolved material. Particle fluxes to depth link the surface and mesopelagic realm and supply food to the benthos. Sedimentation flux is typically measured with sediment traps of various designs. Palmer LTER has deployed a time-series trap near 64.5degrees S, 66.0degrees W since late 1992. The trap is moored in 300 m depth and collects sinking particles at 150 m. Deployments and analyses were performed by David Karl, University of Hawaii until 2002 when Hugh Ducklow took over the sediment trap operations.Sedimentation at the PAL site of the West Antarctic Peninsula demonstrates extreme seasonality, with a well-defined pulse in the Austral summer following sea ice retreat. Daily sedimentation rates during the summer flux event are among the highest recorded globally. During the Austral winter when the ocean is covered by sea ice and shrouded in darkness, fluxes are among the lowest observed anywhere. Sedimentation rates at PAL typically vary by 4 orders of magnitude. There is also order of magnitude variability in the total annual flux (area under the curve)..Particulate organic matter is exported from the upper ocean euphotic zone in the form of large sinking particles and as dissolved material. Particle fluxes to depth link the surface and mesopelagic realm and supply food to the benthos. Sedimentation flux is typically measured with sediment traps of various designs. Palmer LTER has deployed a time-series trap near 64.5degrees S, 66.0degrees W since late 1992. The trap is moored in 300 m depth and collects sinking particles at 150 m. Deployments and analyses were performed by David Karl, University of Hawaii until 2002 when Hugh Ducklow took over the sediment trap operations.Sedimentation at the PAL site of the West Antarctic Peninsula demonstrates extreme seasonality, with a well-defined pulse in the Austral summer following sea ice retreat. Daily sedimentation rates during the summer flux event are among the highest recorded globally. During the Austral winter when the ocean is covered by sea ice and shrouded in darkness, fluxes are among the lowest observed anywhere. Sedimentation rates at PAL typically vary by 4 orders of magnitude. There is also order of magnitude variability in the total annual flux (area under the curve)..Particulate organic matter is exported from the upper ocean euphotic zone in the form of large sinking particles and as dissolved material. Particle fluxes to depth link the surface and mesopelagic realm and supply food to the benthos. Sedimentation flux is typically measured with sediment traps of various designs. Palmer LTER has deployed a time-series trap near 64.5degrees S, 66.0degrees W since late 1992. The trap is moored in 300 m depth and collects sinking particles at 150 m. Deployments and analyses were performed by David Karl, University of Hawaii until 2002 when Hugh Ducklow took over the sediment trap operations.Sedimentation at the PAL site of the West Antarctic Peninsula demonstrates extreme seasonality, with a well-defined pulse in the Austral summer following sea ice retreat. Daily sedimentation rates during the summer flux event are among the highest recorded globally. During the Austral winter when the ocean is covered by sea ice and shrouded in darkness, fluxes are among the lowest observed anywhere. Sedimentation rates at PAL typically vary by 4 orders of magnitude. There is also order of magnitude variability in the total annual flux (area under the curve).\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\n... (12 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/OffshoreSedimentTrapFluxes/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/OffshoreSedimentTrapFluxes.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=OffshoreSedimentTrapFluxes&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | OffshoreSedimentTrapFluxes | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationPrimaryProduction.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationPrimaryProduction | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationPrimaryProduction.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StationPrimaryProduction/ | Water column primary production from inorganic carbon uptake for 24h at simulated in situ light levels in deck incubators, collected at Palmer Station Antarctica during Palmer LTER field seasons, 1994 - 2019.\\n | Primary Production experiments were led by Vernet from the 1994-1995 season through the 2006-2007 season. Schofield is the current lead, beginning in the 2009-2010 season. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Primary production is the uptake of inorganic carbon and assimilation of it into organic matter by phytoplankton. Primary production rates, expressed as mgC per m3 per day were measured by the uptake of radioactive (14C) sodium bicarbonate. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations within the Palmer LTER region (primarily B and E, to 50m and 65m respectively). Water is put into borosilicate bottles, inoculated with 1 uCi of NaH14CO3 per bottle, and incubated in an outdoor deck incubator. The incubator is plumbed to the Palmer Station sea water system to maintain ambient seawater temperature and bottles are screened to in situ light levels. The uptake of 14C-bicarbonate by the phytoplankton was measured in a scintillation counter after a 24-hour incubation period..Primary Production experiments were led by Vernet from the 1994-1995 season through the 2006-2007 season. Schofield is the current lead, beginning in the 2009-2010 season. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Primary production is the uptake of inorganic carbon and assimilation of it into organic matter by phytoplankton. Primary production rates, expressed as mgC per m3 per day were measured by the uptake of radioactive (14C) sodium bicarbonate. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations within the Palmer LTER region (primarily B and E, to 50m and 65m respectively). Water is put into borosilicate bottles, inoculated with 1 uCi of NaH14CO3 per bottle, and incubated in an outdoor deck incubator. The incubator is plumbed to the Palmer Station sea water system to maintain ambient seawater temperature and bottles are screened to in situ light levels. The uptake of 14C-bicarbonate by the phytoplankton was measured in a scintillation counter after a 24-hour incubation period.\n\ncdm_data_type = TimeSeries\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nevent\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ndepth (m)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\n... (7 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/StationPrimaryProduction_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/StationPrimaryProduction_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StationPrimaryProduction/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StationPrimaryProduction.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StationPrimaryProduction&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | StationPrimaryProduction |