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| griddap | Subset | tabledap | Make A Graph | wms | files | Title | Summary | FGDC | ISO 19115 | Info | Background Info | RSS | Institution | Dataset ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance/ | Abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea that were collected on LMG 06-01 (archaea) at discrete depths, 2006. | The Palmer, Antarctica, Long-Term Ecological Research project is a member site of the Long-Term Ecological Research program, a network of sites investigating diverse biomes. A team of researchers seeks to understand the structure and function of the Western Antarctic Peninsula's marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the context of seasonal-to-interannual atmospheric and sea ice dynamics, as well as long-term climate change. The PAL measurement system (or grid) is designed to study marine and terrestrial food webs consisting principally of diatom primary producers, the dominant herbivore Antarctic krill, and the apex predator Adelie penguin. An attenuated microbial food web is also a focus. PAL studies these ecosystems annually over a regional scale grid of oceanographic stations and seasonally at Palmer Station. \\n\\nPalmer Station is located on Anvers Island west of the Antarctic Peninula. The peninsula runs perpendicular to a strong climatic gradient between the cold, dry continental regime to the south, characteristic of the Antarctic interior, and the warm, moist, maritime regime to the north. North-south shifts in the gradient give rise to large environmental variability to climate change. Sea ice extent and variability affects ecosystem changes at all trophic levels. In addition to the long-term field and research activities, information management, graduate student training, education and outreach are an integral part of the program.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ndepth (m)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nevent\nstation\nbottle\neub_16s_gene_copies (L-1)\naob_165_gene_copies (L-1)\narchaea_16s_gene_copies (L-1)\ncren_16s_gene_copies (L-1)\n... (10 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AmmoniaOxidizingBacteriaAndArchaeaAbundance | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinBroods.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinBroods | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinBroods.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinBroods/ | Adelie penguin 1:2 chick nest ratio, 1991, present. | Adelie penguin 1:2 chick nest ratio, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\nThe PAL study region includes five main islands on which Adélie penguin colonies have historically occurred, and typically during the first week of January when chicks are in the guard stage (thus visible because they are no longer being brooded), these colonies are censused to determine the ratio of 1-chick to 2-chick nests. This census is restricted to nests that are no more than one meter in from the colony perimeter, and therefore tend to be more vulnerable to predation and other factors such as snow deposition that tend to affect the more marginal sectors of the colonies. The 1:2 chick ratio is thus highly sensitive to perturbations that are not necessarily evident in more optimal breeding habitats, and has provided important insights on the effects that breeding landscape quality has on reproductive success. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (6 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinBroods/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinBroods.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinBroods&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinBroods | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinCensus.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinCensus | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinCensus.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinCensus/ | Adelie penguin area-wide breeding population census, 1991, present. | Adelie penguin area-wide breeding population census, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\nThe PAL study region includes five main islands on which Adélie penguin colonies have historically occurred. These are censused synoptically once a year to determine the overall size of the breeding population. The optimal census date may vary by a few days each season, but ultimately tries to capture the week following peak egg laying when the total number of breeding pairs reaches a maximum. The timing of this census is assisted by the REPRO and HUMPOP data, which provide a daily to weekly rate of change in breeding adult population numbers as new nests are initiated. This census is useful for a number of assessments, one of the most critical being that it directly reflects the effects of environmental variability on adult overwinter survival.\\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (Date GMT, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nisland_name (Island)\ncolony_code (Colony)\nnum_breeding_pairs (Breeding Pairs)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinCensus/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinCensus.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinCensus&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinCensus | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinPopulationonHumbleIsland.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinPopulationonHumbleIsland | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinPopulationonHumbleIsland.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinPopulationonHumbleIsland/ | Adelie penguin breeding population arrival chronology on Humble Island, 1991, present.\\t | Adelie penguin breeding population arrival chronology on Humble Island, 1991 - present.\\t. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\nThe arrival chronology of adult Adélie penguins on Humble Island is documented annually through island-wide censuses performed as ice and weather conditions permit. Recorded data (numbers of adults present) provide a measure of the number of adults arriving daily at the breeding colonies, a metric that is sensitive to environmental conditions such as sea ice extent during late winter and early spring. These data are also used in combination with other metrics to determine the optimal window for other, more extensive area-wide breeding population censuses (see CENSUS). \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (Date GMT, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nisland_name (Island)\ncolony_code (Colony)\nnum_breeding_pairs (Adults)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinPopulationonHumbleIsland/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinPopulationonHumbleIsland.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinPopulationonHumbleIsland&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinPopulationonHumbleIsland | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinFledglingWeights.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinFledglingWeights | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinFledglingWeights.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinFledglingWeights/ | Adelie penguin chick fledging weights, 1991, present.\\t | Adelie penguin chick fledging weights, 1991 - present.\\t. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\nAdélie penguin chick fledging weights are obtained every two days (or as ice and weather conditions permit) at three beaches on Humble Island beginning when the first fledglings appear on any one of these beaches, and continuing until the last fledglings depart. These data are generally collected during the first three weeks of February by first censusing the total number of chicks present on each beach, and then sub-sampling 30% of the censused population. The metric of interest is the weight (in grams) of individual chicks, which is an important predictor of overwinter survival and thus future recruitment into the population as breeding adults. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (Date GMT, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nisland_name (Island)\ncolony_code (Colony)\nband_number\nweight (gram)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinFledglingWeights/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinFledglingWeights.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinFledglingWeights&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinFledglingWeights | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinAdultandChickCounts.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinAdultandChickCounts | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinAdultandChickCounts.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinAdultandChickCounts/ | Adelie penguin colony-specific chick production, 1991, present. | Adelie penguin colony-specific chick production, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\nThe PAL study region includes five main islands on which Adélie penguin colonies have historically occurred. These are censused synoptically once a year to determine the total number of chicks produced in the area. The optimal date for this census may vary by a few days each season, but ultimately tries to capture the week following the time when approximately 2/3 of the chicks have crèched. The timing of this census is assisted by the REPRO data, which provide a daily to weekly rate of change in the number of crèched chicks. Because the colonies used in this area-wide census are the same as those used to determine the overall annual breeding population, one of the key metrics obtained is an integrated number of breeding success (chicks crèched/breeding pair). These data have provided valuable insights into the marine and terrestrial factors that influence Adélie penguin mean population fitness. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\n... (6 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinAdultandChickCounts/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinAdultandChickCounts.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinAdultandChickCounts&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinAdultandChickCounts | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietFish.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietFish | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietFish.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinDietFish/ | Adelie penguin diet composition, fish species and numbers, 1991, present. | Adelie penguin diet composition, fish species and numbers, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\n\\nFish occur frequently in Adélie penguin diets but rarely as whole specimens, hence recording their presence in sorted subsamples (see DIET) is generally limited to noting the incidence of skin, flesh, bones, eyes and especially otoliths. With the exception of otoliths, the weights of these items are obtained if warranted by the sample size. Otoliths can be used to identify individual fish species, and in combination with regression equations based on otolith length and width, can also be used to reconstitute fish length and mass. However, because the expertise needed to identify fish from otoliths does not exist within the PAL program, otolith identification is performed by off-site experts as time and funding allow. This results in long lags between the time otoliths are collected and integrated with the appropriate databases, meaning that understanding the role of fish in Adélie penguin diets still remains a longer-term objective of PAL. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\n... (12 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinDietFish/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinDietFish.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinDietFish&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinDietFish | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba/ | Adelie penguin diet composition, krill size-frequency distribution, 1991, present. | Adelie penguin diet composition, krill size-frequency distribution, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\nThree species of krill occur in Adélie penguin diet samples, Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), crystal krill (E. crystallorophias) and Thysanoessa macrura (no common name), but beyond obtaining whole subsample weights following sorting (see DIET), only E. superba is subjected to further analysis. In this case, the original subsample from each individual penguin is searched with the objective of obtaining a minimum of 50 whole krill that when measured (in millimeters) provide an index of within and between season variability in population size-frequency distributions. These data have provided critical insights into a number of ecological processes, including in particular how sea ice affects krill recruitment and, in turn, how krill recruitment impacts Adélie penguin foraging efforts. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\n... (12 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinDietEuphausiasuberba | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDiet | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDiet.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinDiet/ | Adelie penguin diet composition, preliminary analyses of whole lavaged samples, 1991, present. | Adelie penguin diet composition, preliminary analyses of whole lavaged samples, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\nAdélie penguin diet samples obtained in the field (see HEADER) are initially drained and weighed and returned to laboratories for further processing. This includes resuspension of the samples in fresh water to release fish otoliths, squid beaks and other prey hard parts, and then draining to a consistency that facilitates separating the diet samples into subsamples of primary and secondary prey components. Primary prey components include krill and fish, and secondary prey components include octopus, squid amphipods, mysid shrimp, limpets and small clams. Each prey component is weighed (total weight) and, if possible, sorted according to species for further analyses. Variability in diets within and between seasons is strongly linked to variability in the marine environment such as the presence or absence of sea ice and the timing and persistence of phytoplankton blooms, and thus affects a host of Adélie penguin life history parameters. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\n... (9 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinDiet/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinDiet.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinDiet&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinDiet | |||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba/ | Adelie penguin diet composition, secondary prey items, 1991, present.\\t | Adelie penguin diet composition, secondary prey items, 1991 - present.\\t. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\nBesides krill and fish, a number of secondary prey items (see DIET) can be found in Adélie penguin diets, including octopus, squid, amphipods, mysid shrimp, limpets and small clams. One or more of these prey types may occur frequently in the samples, but very rarely in abundance, hence recorded metrics are limited to detailing the number of specimens observed and obtaining weights if warranted by the sample size. One exception concerns squid and octopus beaks, which like fish otoliths can be identified to species and the size and mass of individuals reconstituted based on regressions that use beak length to determine relational metrics. Like otoliths, beaks are also processed by experts outside PAL (see FISH), hence similar time lags exist in database integration. What role these less abundant prey items have in Adélie penguin diets is unknown, but paleoecological evidence suggests that squid in particular were once consumed much more frequently in the PAL region than they are now.\\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\n... (11 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinDietPreyOtherThanFishAndEuphausiaSuberba | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietLog.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietLog | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinDietLog.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinDietLog/ | Adelie penguin diet metadata, 1991, present. | Adelie penguin diet metadata, 1991 - present. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\n\\nAdélie penguin diet samples are obtained during the chick-rearing phase of the breeding season (January -February) using stomach lavage (water off-loading method). Five adult penguins are typically sampled every 5-7 days (weather permitting) during this period by capturing birds near their breeding colonies as they return from foraging in the evenings. Before lavaging, birds are weighed and measured to obtain an index of gender and condition, and are then released at the site where they were initially captured. Variability in adult condition within and between seasons provides an important index of foraging effort and other related metrics. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (Sample Date/Time, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nisland_name (Island)\ncolony_code (Colony)\n... (5 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinDietLog/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinDietLog.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinDietLog&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinDietLog | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinBandsSeen.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinBandsSeen | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinBandsSeen.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinBandsSeen/ | Adelie penguin flipper band resightings, 1991, 2006. | Adelie penguin flipper band resightings, 1991 - 2006. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\n Annually between 1991 and 1998, a subsample of 1000 Adélie penguin crèche-age chicks were flipper-banded on Humble Island as part of demographic studies to determine long-term survival and recruitment. This was achieved through resighting efforts in the years that followed the banding work through 2006 when the last banded bird was observed. The decision to end the banding studies is in concordance with other national and international efforts to limit this work due to evidence that flipper- banding penguins may affect survival. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nindex\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (Date GMT, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nisland_name (Island)\ncolony_code (Colony)\n... (5 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinBandsSeen/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinBandsSeen.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinBandsSeen&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinBandsSeen | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess/ | Adelie penguin reproductive success, 1991, present.\\t | Adelie penguin chick fledging weights, 1991 - present.\\t. The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Two hypotheses have guided this research, with one suggesting that population mean fitness is best explained by changes in regional krill biomass, and the other proposing that long-term changes in sea ice affects mean fitness by tipping the balance in favor of one species over another in accordance with species-specific evolved life history affinities to sea ice. Although these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, current evidence in the PAL region tends to favor the latter over the former. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, while those of gentoo and chinstrap penguins have increased dramatically, trends that are spatially and temporally coherent with decreasing regional sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. In contrast, although krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends, and thus fail to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. \\n\\nA sample of Adélie penguin nests from colonies on Humble Island is randomly selected annually and checked daily (or as ice and weather conditions permit) throughout the breeding season from the time adults arrive until the chick crèche phase of the reproductive cycle. Recorded data (the timing of egg laying, hatching and crèching) provide a measure of annual breeding chronology, and the number of chicks crèched, an estimate of reproductive success (chicks crèched/breeding pair).\\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nisland_name (Island)\ncolony_code (Colony)\nsite_number\nnest_number\negg1_lay_date (Egg 1 Lay Date)\n... (10 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | AdeliePenguinReproductionSuccess | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/PenguinCountsAnnualTotals.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/PenguinCountsAnnualTotals | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/PenguinCountsAnnualTotals.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/PenguinCountsAnnualTotals/ | Annual counts of penguin breeding pairs near Palmer Station, Antarctica 1970, 2006. | Annual counts of penguin breeding pairs near Palmer Station, Antarctica 1970 - 2006. Penguin populations are in the vicinity of Palmer Station, Anvers Island, Antarctica. The Adelie penguin, (Pygoscelis adeliae), one of two true sea ice-obligate Antarctic penguins are in decline near Palmer. Two lower-latitude species (Chinstrap and Gentoo penguins) are now rapidly colonizing the region.\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nyear (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nchinstrap_num_breeding_pairs\nadelie_num_breeding_pairs\ngentoo_num_breeding_pairs\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/PenguinCountsAnnualTotals/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/PenguinCountsAnnualTotals.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=PenguinCountsAnnualTotals&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | PenguinCountsAnnualTotals | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter/ | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, 1999 and 2001. | The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar. These objectives included 1) determining the pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations being studied as part of land-based work at Palmer Station. Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER study area. The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat,which required sampling at smaller scales. All seabird censuses were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals. The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects spaced at 45-60 minute intervals. There were no stops at the 10km stations during this Fast Grid phase. Upon completion of the Fast Grid, a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours. From January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated. During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km. All seabird censusesduring the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in theprevious paragraph.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nevent\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nlat_end (Latitude, degrees_north)\nlon_end (Longitude, degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\ncruise_name\nstart_station\nend_station\nduration (minutes)\n... (14 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/BirdCensusLogMovingWinter.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=BirdCensusLogMovingWinter&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | BirdCensusLogMovingWinter | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationaryWinter.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationaryWinter | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationaryWinter.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/BirdCensusStationaryWinter/ | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, 1999 and 2001. | The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar. These objectives included 1) determining the pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations being studied as part of land-based work at Palmer Station. Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER study area. The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat,which required sampling at smaller scales. All seabird censuses were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals. The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects spaced at 45-60 minute intervals. There were no stops at the 10km stations during this Fast Grid phase. Upon completion of the Fast Grid, a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours. From January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated. During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km. All seabird censusesduring the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in theprevious paragraph.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nevent\ncruise_id\nstudy_name (Study)\ndepth (m)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nstation\ngrid_line (km)\ngrid_station (km)\nsea_state\nsalinity (Sea Water Practical Salinity, 1)\n... (14 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/BirdCensusStationaryWinter_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/BirdCensusStationaryWinter_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/BirdCensusStationaryWinter/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/BirdCensusStationaryWinter.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=BirdCensusStationaryWinter&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | BirdCensusStationaryWinter | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusMovingSummer.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusMovingSummer | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusMovingSummer.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/BirdCensusMovingSummer/ | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, 2018. | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993 - 2018. The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar. These objectives included 1) determining the pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations being studied as part of land-based work at Palmer Station. Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER study area. The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat,which required sampling at smaller scales. All seabird censuses were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals. The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects spaced at 45-60 minute intervals. There were no stops at the 10km stations during this Fast Grid phase. Upon completion of the Fast Grid, a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours. From January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated. During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km. All seabird censuses during the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in the previous paragraph.\n\ncdm_data_type = Other\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ncruise_id\nevent\nsample_minutes_from_start (minutes)\nspecies_code\nnumber_items (1)\nnum_linkages (1)\nbehavior\ndirection\nnotes\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/BirdCensusMovingSummer/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/BirdCensusMovingSummer.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=BirdCensusMovingSummer&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | BirdCensusMovingSummer | ||||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationarySummer.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationarySummer | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusStationarySummer.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/BirdCensusStationarySummer/ | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, 2018. | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993 - 2018. The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar. These objectives included 1) determining the pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations being studied as part of land-based work at Palmer Station. Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER study area. The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat, which required sampling at smaller scales. All seabird censuses were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals. The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects spaced at 45-60 minute intervals. There were no stops at the 10km stations during this Fast Grid phase. Upon completion of the Fast Grid, a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours. From January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated. During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km. All seabird censuses during the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in the previous paragraph.\\n\\nSeventy-two 30-minute transects and 15 station censuses were completed during the January cruise. Athough seabirds were widely distributed throughout the study area, the highest densities and greatest biomass occurred consistently within 2-5 km of Anvers Island and several major island groups to the south and \\nwest near the Antarctic Peninsula. Adelie Penguins were the dominant component of this seabird assemblage in terms of both abundance and biomass. South Polar Skuas ranked second and Black-browed Albatross third, with the latter becoming the dominant assemblage member at distances greater than 10km from land. Although \\nSouth Polar Skuas had been expected to occur in more pelagic habitats, few were censused at distances greater than 10km from land. The presence of both skuas and penguins so close to land was unexpected. The most important variable accounting for variation in the distribution and abundance of seabirds appeared to \\nbe the location of the 200m contour, which throughout the study area occurred 2-5km from the adjoining land masses. Approximately 65% of the seabirds censused during this cruise (85% of the biomass) occurred in association with this contour.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\n... (25 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/BirdCensusStationarySummer_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/BirdCensusStationarySummer_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/BirdCensusStationarySummer/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/BirdCensusStationarySummer.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=BirdCensusStationarySummer&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | BirdCensusStationarySummer | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer/ | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993, present. | At-sea seabird censuses. Data on the species encountered (including marine mammals), their abundance, distribution and behavior. Data collected aboard cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Penninsula, 1993 - present. The objectives of the LTER seabird component during the 92-93 season cruises were similar. These objectives included 1) determining the pelagic abundance and distribution of Adelie Penguins, 2) examining how the physical and biological characteristics of the marine environment influence these parameters and, 3) using these data to identify foraging areas that may be important to Adelie populations being studied as part of land-based work at Palmer Station. Secondary objectives included documenting the abundance and distribution of other seabirds and marine mammals within the LTER study area. The focus of the January cruise was the nearshore foraging habitat,which required sampling at smaller scales. All seabird censuses were thus conducted within approximately 100 kms of Palmer Station while traversing a sampling grid with stations at 10km intervals. The first two days (18-20 January) of this cruise were spent covering the selected grid as rapidly as possible resulting in 45 transects spaced at 45-60 minute intervals. There were no stops at the 10km stations during this Fast Grid phase. Upon completion of the Fast Grid, a force 12 gale suspended data collection for 24 hours. From January 22-25 the grid direction was reversed and the grid repeated. During this Slow Grid phase, 2-M net tows were done at 10km intervals and BOPS and 1-M and 2-M net tows every 20 km. All seabird censusesduring the cruise were done using the procedures outlined in theprevious paragraph.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (Date/Time, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nlat_end (Latitude, degrees_north)\nlon_end (Longitude, degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\nevent\ncruise_id\nstart_station\n... (16 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/BirdCensusLogMovingSummer.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=BirdCensusLogMovingSummer&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | BirdCensusLogMovingSummer | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseBacteria.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseBacteria | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseBacteria.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseBacteria/ | Bacterial properties in discrete water column samples at selected depths, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctica Peninsula, 2003, 2019. | Bacterial properties in discrete water column samples at selected depths, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctica Peninsula, 2003 - 2019. The microbial biogeochemistry component of PAL focuses on marine bacterioplankton, and is thus a counterpart to the phytoplankton and zooplankton components, which together provide a detailed and comprehensive description of plankton ecology in PAL-LTER. Bacteria and Archaea (hereafter called \"bacteria\") are taxonomically and metabolically diverse. In coastal and offshore surface waters Bacteria generally predominate over Archaea, but Archaea are equal or greater in abundance in the mesopelagic layer below the euphoric zone. We focus on aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria in the upper 100 m on the annual summer cruise. These bacteria oxidize recently-produced low molecular weight dissolved organic compounds released by phytoplankton and zooplankton, decomposing them back into CO2 and inorganic nutrients. Globally, marine bacteria respire an amount of carbon roughly equal to about half the daily photosynthetic production. In cold polar waters, relative bacterial activity is lower, with bacterial biomass production being equal to <5% of the daily photosynthesis. The ratio at lower latitudes is 10-20%. The factors responsible for this contrast are not entirely clear. Resolving this pattern is a key aim of the PAL microbial component. Bacterial production is generally low across the grid, relative to primary production, but with considerable spatial and annual variability. Discrete BP can reach >200mgC/m2/d following bloom-fueled high organic matter events. Across the grid and over years, BP is highly correlated with chlorophyll, highlighting the close relationship with phytoplanktonic organic matter production.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nevent (Event Number)\nstation (Station Name)\nbottle (Bottle Number)\ntime (Datetime GMT, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\nbacterial_cell_count (Abundance, count L-1)\n... (5 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseBacteria_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseBacteria_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseBacteria/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseBacteria.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseBacteria&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | CruiseBacteria | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationBacteria.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationBacteria | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationBacteria.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StationBacteria/ | Bacterial properties in discrete water column samples collected during Palmer LTER station seasons at Palmer Station Antarctica, 2002, 2019. | Bacterial properties in discrete water column samples collected during Palmer LTER station seasons at Palmer Station Antarctica, 2002 - 2019. The microbial biogeochemistry component of PAL focuses on marine bacterioplankton, and is thus a counterpart to the phytoplankton and zooplankton components, which together provide a detailed and comprehensive description of plankton ecology in PAL-LTER. Bacteria and Archaea (hereafter called \"bacteria\") are taxonomically and metabolically diverse. In coastal and offshore surface waters Bacteria generally predominate over Archaea, but Archaea are equal or greater in abundance in the mesopelagic layer below the euphoric zone. We focus on aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria in the upper 65 m at Palmer Station which oxidize recently-produced low molecular weight dissolved organic compounds released by phytoplankton and zooplankton, decomposing them back into CO2 and inorganic nutrients. Globally, marine bacteria respire an amount of carbon roughly equal to about half the daily photosynthetic production. In cold polar waters, relative bacterial activity is lower, with bacterial biomass production being equal to <5% of the daily photosynthesis. The ratio at lower latitudes is 10-20%. The factors responsible for this contrast are not entirely clear. Resolving this pattern is a key aim of the PAL microbial component. At Palmer Station, bacterial production is low (< 10 mgC/m2/d) in the winter (polar night) when there is little if any photosynthesis. There is a climatological (2003-14 average) summer peak of 50-60 mgC/m2/d in January-February but with considerable seasonal and annual variability. \\n\\nThe 2016/2017 season data contains bacteria abundances for preserved samples for comparison to abundances from live samples. See the documentation for this in the accompanying file, 2016_live_vs_preserved.pdf.\n\ncdm_data_type = TimeSeries\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (Date GMT, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nevent (Event Number)\nstation (Station Name)\ndepth (m)\nbacterial_cell_count (Abundance, count L-1)\n... (5 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/StationBacteria_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/StationBacteria_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StationBacteria/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StationBacteria.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StationBacteria&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | StationBacteria | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni/ | Length of Salpa thompsoni collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009, 2019. | Length of Salpa thompsoni collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009 - 2019. Salps (Salpa thompsoni) are conspicuous gelatinous zooplankton capable of rapid population increases, enabling them to respond quickly to unpredictable phytoplankton blooms common in the Antarctic. Body length was measured on salps collected from LTER zooplankton tows along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Salps have amongst the highest filtration rates of all zooplankton, and package their waste into large, fast sinking fecal pellets. These pellets provide a mechanism to export carbon fixed in the surface waters into the deep ocean. Since filtration rates and pellet size are positively related to the size of a salp, population estimates of grazing and exported carbon can be determined through length data.\\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\ncruise_tow_number\ncruise_name\nevent\ntow_number\ngrid_line\ngrid_station\ntime (Start Time, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nend_time (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlat_end (Latitude, degrees_north)\nlon_end (Longitude, degrees_east)\ntow_duration (minutes)\nheading (degrees)\nspeed_over_ground\ndepth (m)\nwind_speed (m s-1)\nwind_direction (Wind To Direction, degrees)\n... (7 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | StandardBodyLengthsSalpathompsoni | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments/ | Photosynthetic pigments of water column samples analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), sampled during the Palmer LTER field seasons at Palmer Station, Antarctica, 1991 - 2015. | Phytoplankton pigment sampling was led by Prezelin from the 1991-1992 season through the 1993-1994 season, and then by Vernet from the 1994-1995 season through the 2006-2007 season. Schofield is the third, and current lead, beginning in the 2008-2009 season. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Phytoplankton have a suite of accessory pigments in addition to Chlorophyll a, including other Chlorophyll's (e.g. Chlorophyll b), Xanthophylls, and Carotenes. These accessory pigments can be used as chemotaxonomic markers to assess the composition and distribution of the phytoplankton community. For example, Fucoxanthin is a marker pigment of Diatoms, whereas Alloxanthin is a marker pigment of Cryptophytes. Accessory pigments also assist in photoacclimation and photoprotective processes. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations within the Palmer LTER region (primarily B and E, to 50m and 65m respectively). Water samples are filtered onto GF/F filters, and filters kept frozen at -80C until analysis. HPLC analysis is completed following Wright et al (1991). Following the guidelines set by NASA SeaHARRE, we use an internal standard and replicate injects on the HPLC to track recovery and replicability of the pigment extraction methods. Data is unavailable for the Palmer 2009-2010 season due to instrumentation problems and for the Palmer 2011-2012 season due to a freezer failure which resulted in the loss of samples. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = TimeSeries\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ndepth (m)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nevent\njulian_day\nstation\nirradiance (percent)\nchlorophyllide_a (Concentration Of Chlorophyll In Sea Water, ug L-1)\nchlorophyll_c3 (Concentration Of Chlorophyll In Sea Water, ug L-1)\nchlorophyll_c2 (Concentration Of Chlorophyll In Sea Water, ug L-1)\n... (25 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | StationHighPerformanceLiquidChromotographyPigments | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments/ | Photosynthetic pigments of water column samples and analyzed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctica Peninsula, 1991, 2016. | Photosynthetic pigments of water column samples and analyzed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctica Peninsula, 1991 - 2016. Phytoplankton pigment sampling was led by Prezelin from 1991-1994, and then by Vernet from 1995-2008. Schofield is the third, and current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Phytoplankton have a suite of accessory pigments in addition to Chlorophyll a, including other Chlorophyll's (e.g. Chlorophyll b), Xanthophylls, and Carotenes. These accessory pigments can be used as chemotaxonomic markers to assess the composition and distribution of the phytoplankton community. For example, Fucoxanthin is a marker pigment of Diatoms, whereas Alloxanthin is a marker pigment of Cryptophytes. Accessory pigments also assist in photoacclimation and photoprotective processes. Water samples are collected throughout the water column along the Western Antarctic Peninsula at regular LTER grid stations where Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) casts are preformed and in surface waters at underway stations, where CTD casts are not done, using the ship's flow-through seawater system. Water samples are filtered onto GF/F filters, and filters kept frozen at -80C until analysis. HPLC analysis is completed following Wright et al (1991). Following the guidelines set by NASA SeaHARRE, we use an internal standard and replicate injects on the HPLC to track recovery and replicability of the pigment extraction methods and the HPLC. Data is unavailable for the LMG10-01 cruise due to instrumentation problems and for the LMG12-01 cruise due to a freezer failure which resulted in the loss of samples.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\nstudy_name (Study)\nevent\ncast_number\nbottle\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\ndepth (m)\ngrid_line\n... (29 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | CruiseHighPerformanceLiquidChromatographyPigments | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CetaceanBiopsies | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/CetaceanBiopsies.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/CetaceanBiopsies/ | Skin-blubber biopsy samples and associated demographic data collected from cetaceans encountered along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), 2010 - present. \\n | The collection of biopsy samples from cetaceans within the near-shore waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has been led by Dr. Ari Friedlaender starting in 2010. The Friedlaender group just recently joined the Palmer LTER in 2015, but prior collection of samples was leveraged from previous National Science Foundation (NSF) support and existing collaborations with Antarctic tour operations. Collection methods have been kept consistent, as the research group attempts to sample every whale encountered. Our current data set consists of three targeted species for collection, the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis), and killer whales (Orcinus orca). Sample are kept frozen at -80°C until analysis following the completion of annual field work. Collection of these samples is still ongoing. The biopsy ID is the unique identifier for each collected sample and is used as the common field among the different analyses that are conducted on the sample to look at population and individual level demographic information. From these tissue samples, we can extract nuclear and mitochondrial DNA which provides us with information on the genetic sex, genotype (gene fingerprint), as well as haplotype of the individuals sampled. Additionally, from the blubber layer of the biopsy sample, our group can now successfully detect and quantify sex-steroid hormones, one of which is progesterone, that allows us to make inference on the pregnancy status of sampled individuals. Lastly, more recent work has begun to assess the microbial communities on the skin layer of the biopsy samples. Combined, these biological analyses provide an in depth understanding of the current population demographics and dynamics in these recovering marine species. \\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Point\nVARIABLES:\nbiopsy_id\nspecies_code\ntime (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nsex\ntag_id\nphoto_frames\nhaplotype\ngenotype\nprogresterone\nmicrobiome\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/CetaceanBiopsies_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/CetaceanBiopsies_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/CetaceanBiopsies/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/CetaceanBiopsies.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=CetaceanBiopsies&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | CetaceanBiopsies | |||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba/ | Standard body length of Euphausia superba collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009, 2019. | Standard body length of Euphausia superba collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2009 - 2019. Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, are a critical food-web link between phytoplankton primary production and higher trophic levels, such as whales, penguins, and seals. Krill standard length was measured from LTER zooplankton tows along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Length data provides estimates of age-class abundance and recruitment. Climate-induced changes in krill recruitment are an important consideration in the management and modelling of krill populations.\\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\ncruise_tow_number\ncruise_name\nevent\ntow_number\ngrid_line\ngrid_station\ntime (Start Time, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nend_time (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlat_end (Latitude, degrees_north)\nlon_end (Longitude, degrees_east)\ntow_duration (minutes)\nheading (degrees)\nspeed_over_ground\ndepth (m)\nwind_speed (m s-1)\nwind_direction (Wind To Direction, degrees)\nnet_id\ntow_type\n... (5 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/StandardBodyLengthsESuperba.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=StandardBodyLengthsESuperba&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | StandardBodyLengthsESuperba | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical/ | Zooplankton collected aboard Palmer Station LTER annual cruises off the western antarctic peninsula, 1993, 2008. | Zooplankton collected aboard Palmer Station LTER annual cruises off the western antarctic peninsula, 1993 - 2008. Samples were collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m. This dataset is the historical (1993 - 2008) counterpart to dataset #199, Zooplankton Density - Current. Together these two data sets comprise the full Palmer LTER zooplankton density time series. Please refer to the methods of each dataset for differences between the two.\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\ntime (Start Time, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ndepth (m)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nend_time (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nlat_end (Latitude, degrees_north)\nlon_end (Longitude, degrees_east)\ncruise_tow_number\ncruise_name\nevent\ntow_number\ngrid_line\ngrid_station\ntow_duration (minutes)\nheading (degrees)\nspeed_over_ground\nwind_speed_start (Wind Speed)\nwind_direction (Wind From Direction, degrees)\nnet_id\ntow_type\ntarget_depth (Depth)\ndepth_max (Depth, meters)\nvolume_filtered (m3)\n... (60 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/ZooplanktonDensityHistorical.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=ZooplanktonDensityHistorical&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | ZooplanktonDensityHistorical | ||
| https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent.subset | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/tabledap/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent.graph | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/files/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent/ | Zooplankton collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, aboard Palmer Station Antarctica LTER annual cruises off the western antarctic peninsula, 2009, 2019. | Zooplankton collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, aboard Palmer Station Antarctica LTER annual cruises off the western antarctic peninsula, 2009 - 2019. Zooplankton are a morphologically and taxonomically diverse group of animals. Many zooplankton feed on phytoplankton and thus provide a link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. Zooplankton density and biovolume were determined at grid stations on the annual LTER cruises along the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Typically, zooplankton were collected with a 2x2 meter, 700um mesh net fitted with a flow meter and towed obliquely to 120m. Zooplankton distributions vary spatially due to water column characteristics, which affect their predators' distributions. As climate change continues to affect the WAP, the relative abundance of the various zooplankton components can also be expected to change.\\n\\n\n\ncdm_data_type = Trajectory\nVARIABLES:\ntime (Start Time, seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\nend_time (seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)\ndepth (m)\nlatitude (degrees_north)\nlongitude (degrees_east)\nlat_end (Latitude, degrees_north)\nlon_end (Longitude, degrees_east)\ncruise_name\nevent\ncruise_tow_number\ngrid_line\ngrid_station\ntow_duration\nheading (degrees)\nspeed_over_ground\nwind_speed_start (Wind Speed, m s-1)\nnet_id\ntow_type\n... (90 more variables)\n | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/fgdc/xml/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent_fgdc.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/metadata/iso19115/xml/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent_iso19115.xml | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/info/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent/index.htmlTable | https://pal.lternet.edu/
| http://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/rss/ZooplanktonDensityCurrent.rss | https://pallter-data.marine.rutgers.edu/erddap/subscriptions/add.html?datasetID=ZooplanktonDensityCurrent&showErrors=false&email= | National Science Foundation | ZooplanktonDensityCurrent |